Optimized transesterification of unrefined palm and waste cooking oil blend to biodiesel using cement kiln dust catalyst
Abstract Biodiesel is a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. However, biodiesel’s economic feasibility for mass-production remains a challenge. This study investigates the use of cement kiln dust (CKD) waste as a heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification of a mixed oil made from unrefin...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11752-x |
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