How do generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools and large language models (LLMs) influence language learners’ critical thinking in EFL education? A systematic review

Abstract As generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools and large language models (LLMs)-powered applications develop rapidly in the era of algorithms, it should be integrated thoughtfully to enhance English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teaching and learning without replacing learners’ critical thi...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jing Liu, Ahmad Johari Bin Sihes, Ye Lu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-08-01
Series:Smart Learning Environments
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40561-025-00406-0
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