GDF15 promotes osteogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells by activating the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway

Mesenchymal stem cell-mediated bone tissue engineering strategies, including human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs), represent an effective therapeutic approach for bone defect repair, particularly in maxillofacial bone defects. Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), a multifunctional cytokine, pl...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Pingmeng Deng, Bin Yang, Chuling Huang, Yuejia Li, Ziyi Mei, Yong Li, Jie Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SAGE Publishing 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Tissue Engineering
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1177/20417314251357752
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