Exploration of p-type conductivity in β-Ga2O3 through Se-Mg hyper co-doped: An ion implantation approach

As β-Ga2O3 continues to advance, achieving stable p-type doping has become a key research focus. This study proposes a method to introduce defect energy levels near the conduction band and acceptor doping elements to achieve p-type doped β-Ga2O3. We utilized ion implantation to achieve co-doped Ga2O...

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Main Authors: Yimin Liao, Hanzhao Song, Zhigao Xie, Chuang Zhang, Chee-Keong Tan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-03-01
Series:Materials Today Advances
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590049825000049
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author Yimin Liao
Hanzhao Song
Zhigao Xie
Chuang Zhang
Chee-Keong Tan
author_facet Yimin Liao
Hanzhao Song
Zhigao Xie
Chuang Zhang
Chee-Keong Tan
author_sort Yimin Liao
collection DOAJ
description As β-Ga2O3 continues to advance, achieving stable p-type doping has become a key research focus. This study proposes a method to introduce defect energy levels near the conduction band and acceptor doping elements to achieve p-type doped β-Ga2O3. We utilized ion implantation to achieve co-doped Ga2O3 with Se and Mg elements, employing a 50 kV acceleration voltage to reach a peak purity concentration depth. The concentrations of Se and Mg were quantified, with the highest concentrations reaching 2.35 × 1022/cm3 (Se) and 8.99 × 1021/cm3 (Mg), consistent with simulation results. After implantation, the Se-Mg co-doped β-Ga2O3 underwent rapid thermal annealing at 850 °C in an oxygen environment to mitigate implantation damage. By adjusting the Se and Mg implantation dose, we could slightly tune the bandgap from 4.42 to 4.37 eV. Experimental characteristics revealed valence band maximum values and exhibited potential p-type behavior achieved by Se-Mg co-doping. Hall measurements indicated probable p-type conductivity. However, further verification is required. Additionally, first-principles density functional theory simulations provided calculations of substitutional defect formation energies and Fermi levels within the β-Ga2O3 lattice, further elucidating the causes of electronic structure changes induced by doping.
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issn 2590-0498
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher Elsevier
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series Materials Today Advances
spelling doaj-art-4a6cb38e11b94949ae11bc831d05e0df2025-08-20T02:52:28ZengElsevierMaterials Today Advances2590-04982025-03-012510055910.1016/j.mtadv.2025.100559Exploration of p-type conductivity in β-Ga2O3 through Se-Mg hyper co-doped: An ion implantation approachYimin Liao0Hanzhao Song1Zhigao Xie2Chuang Zhang3Chee-Keong Tan4Advanced Materials Thrust, Function Hub, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511453, China; Corresponding author.Advanced Materials Thrust, Function Hub, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511453, ChinaAdvanced Materials Thrust, Function Hub, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511453, ChinaAdvanced Materials Thrust, Function Hub, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511453, ChinaAdvanced Materials Thrust, Function Hub, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511453, China; Guangzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Materials Informatics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511453, China; Guangzhou Municipal Key Laboratory of Integrated Circuits Design, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, Guangdong, 511453, China; Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 999077, Hong Kong, China; Corresponding author. Advanced Materials Thrust, Function Hub, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, 511453, China.As β-Ga2O3 continues to advance, achieving stable p-type doping has become a key research focus. This study proposes a method to introduce defect energy levels near the conduction band and acceptor doping elements to achieve p-type doped β-Ga2O3. We utilized ion implantation to achieve co-doped Ga2O3 with Se and Mg elements, employing a 50 kV acceleration voltage to reach a peak purity concentration depth. The concentrations of Se and Mg were quantified, with the highest concentrations reaching 2.35 × 1022/cm3 (Se) and 8.99 × 1021/cm3 (Mg), consistent with simulation results. After implantation, the Se-Mg co-doped β-Ga2O3 underwent rapid thermal annealing at 850 °C in an oxygen environment to mitigate implantation damage. By adjusting the Se and Mg implantation dose, we could slightly tune the bandgap from 4.42 to 4.37 eV. Experimental characteristics revealed valence band maximum values and exhibited potential p-type behavior achieved by Se-Mg co-doping. Hall measurements indicated probable p-type conductivity. However, further verification is required. Additionally, first-principles density functional theory simulations provided calculations of substitutional defect formation energies and Fermi levels within the β-Ga2O3 lattice, further elucidating the causes of electronic structure changes induced by doping.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590049825000049
spellingShingle Yimin Liao
Hanzhao Song
Zhigao Xie
Chuang Zhang
Chee-Keong Tan
Exploration of p-type conductivity in β-Ga2O3 through Se-Mg hyper co-doped: An ion implantation approach
Materials Today Advances
title Exploration of p-type conductivity in β-Ga2O3 through Se-Mg hyper co-doped: An ion implantation approach
title_full Exploration of p-type conductivity in β-Ga2O3 through Se-Mg hyper co-doped: An ion implantation approach
title_fullStr Exploration of p-type conductivity in β-Ga2O3 through Se-Mg hyper co-doped: An ion implantation approach
title_full_unstemmed Exploration of p-type conductivity in β-Ga2O3 through Se-Mg hyper co-doped: An ion implantation approach
title_short Exploration of p-type conductivity in β-Ga2O3 through Se-Mg hyper co-doped: An ion implantation approach
title_sort exploration of p type conductivity in β ga2o3 through se mg hyper co doped an ion implantation approach
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590049825000049
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AT hanzhaosong explorationofptypeconductivityinbga2o3throughsemghypercodopedanionimplantationapproach
AT zhigaoxie explorationofptypeconductivityinbga2o3throughsemghypercodopedanionimplantationapproach
AT chuangzhang explorationofptypeconductivityinbga2o3throughsemghypercodopedanionimplantationapproach
AT cheekeongtan explorationofptypeconductivityinbga2o3throughsemghypercodopedanionimplantationapproach