Application of a Dynamic Exposure Population Toxicokinetic Model for Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid (PFOS) and Extension to Perfluorodecanoic Acid (PFDA) at a North American Beef Cattle Farm with a History of Biosolids Land Application

Application of a Dynamic Exposure Population Toxicokinetic Model for Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid (PFOS) and Extension to Perfluorodecanoic Acid (PFDA) at a North American Beef Cattle Farm with a History of Biosolids Land Application

Historical application of wastewater treatment sludge (biosolids) has introduced per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) into agricultural systems and led to contamination of crops and livestock. Previous work validated a dynamic exposure and population toxicokinetic (DE_PopTK) modeling approach...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Barbara A. Astmann, Antti T. Mikkonen, Thomas L. Simones, Meghan Flanagan, Duncan Pfaehler, Ivan Lenov, Andrew E. Smith
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Toxics
Subjects:
perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS)
perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA)
biosolids
cattle
dynamic exposure
toxicokinetics
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/7/541
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