Sex differences in bladder cancer: understanding biological and clinical implications

Sex differences in bladder cancer: understanding biological and clinical implications

Abstract Bladder cancer (BC) remains a significant global health concern, with substantial sex and racial disparities in incidence, progression, and outcomes. BC is the sixth most common cancer among males and the seventeenth most common among females worldwide. Over 90% of BC cases are urothelial c...

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Main Authors: Prakash Chaudhary, Biplab Singha, Hany A. Abdel-Hafiz, Maria Velegraki, Debasish Sundi, Swati Satturwar, Anil V. Parwani, Sergei I. Grivennikov, Sungyong You, Helen S. Goodridge, Qin Ma, Yuzhou Chang, Anjun Ma, Bin Zheng, Dan Theodorescu, Zihai Li, Xue Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:Biology of Sex Differences
Subjects:
Sex chromosomes
Sex hormones
Non-canonical sex-biasing factors
Urothelial carcinoma
Precision medicine
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13293-025-00715-6
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https://doi.org/10.1186/s13293-025-00715-6

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