Neuronal CD47 induces behavioral alterations and ameliorates microglial synaptic pruning in wild-type and Alzheimer’s mouse models

Abstract Background Microglia are brain-resident macrophages that play a crucial role in synapse pruning during the development and progression of various neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Mechanistically, CD47 protein acts as a potent...

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Main Authors: Wenjie Hu, Mengting Chen, Yuxue Lin, Hui Zhang, Li Sun, Wei Shao, Yuping Ye, Yujie Cheng, Shanshan Zhou, Panpan Hu, Xingqi Wu, Yin Xu, Kai Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-03-01
Series:Cell & Bioscience
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13578-025-01378-x
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author Wenjie Hu
Mengting Chen
Yuxue Lin
Hui Zhang
Li Sun
Wei Shao
Yuping Ye
Yujie Cheng
Shanshan Zhou
Panpan Hu
Xingqi Wu
Yin Xu
Kai Wang
author_facet Wenjie Hu
Mengting Chen
Yuxue Lin
Hui Zhang
Li Sun
Wei Shao
Yuping Ye
Yujie Cheng
Shanshan Zhou
Panpan Hu
Xingqi Wu
Yin Xu
Kai Wang
author_sort Wenjie Hu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Microglia are brain-resident macrophages that play a crucial role in synapse pruning during the development and progression of various neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Mechanistically, CD47 protein acts as a potent ‘do not eat me’ signal, protecting synapses from phagocytosis by microglia. However, the functional role of the upregulated neuronal CD47 signal under both physiological and pathological conditions remains unclear. Results We utilized an adeno-associated virus gene expression system to induce neuron-specific overexpression of CD47 in wild-type and 5xFAD mice, assessing its effects on microglial synaptic phagocytosis and mouse behaviors. Our results indicate that neuronal CD47 induces ASD-like behaviors and synaptic pruning defects, while promoting behavioral disinhibition and improving memory in wild-type mice. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing was employed to profile gene expression patterns in subpopulations of neurons and microglia. Notably, neuronal CD47 enhances synaptic pathways in neurons and particularly shifts microglial subpopulations from a disease-associated state to a homeostatic state. Additionally, neuronal CD47 reduces excessive microglial synaptic phagocytosis induced by Aβ pathology in 5xFAD mice. Conclusion Our study provides evidence that neuronal CD47 overexpression results in synaptic pruning defects and is involved in the pathogenesis of ASD, while also playing a beneficial role in mitigating excessive synaptic loss in Alzheimer’s disease.
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spelling doaj-art-46fb6c208a6f449ba74d04d7cd87ea572025-08-20T02:10:20ZengBMCCell & Bioscience2045-37012025-03-0115111510.1186/s13578-025-01378-xNeuronal CD47 induces behavioral alterations and ameliorates microglial synaptic pruning in wild-type and Alzheimer’s mouse modelsWenjie Hu0Mengting Chen1Yuxue Lin2Hui Zhang3Li Sun4Wei Shao5Yuping Ye6Yujie Cheng7Shanshan Zhou8Panpan Hu9Xingqi Wu10Yin Xu11Kai Wang12Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical UniversitySchool of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical UniversitySchool of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical UniversitySchool of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical UniversitySchool of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical UniversitySchool of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical UniversitySchool of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical UniversitySchool of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical UniversityDepartment of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical UniversityDepartment of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical UniversityDepartment of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical UniversityDepartment of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical UniversityDepartment of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Medical UniversityAbstract Background Microglia are brain-resident macrophages that play a crucial role in synapse pruning during the development and progression of various neuropsychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Mechanistically, CD47 protein acts as a potent ‘do not eat me’ signal, protecting synapses from phagocytosis by microglia. However, the functional role of the upregulated neuronal CD47 signal under both physiological and pathological conditions remains unclear. Results We utilized an adeno-associated virus gene expression system to induce neuron-specific overexpression of CD47 in wild-type and 5xFAD mice, assessing its effects on microglial synaptic phagocytosis and mouse behaviors. Our results indicate that neuronal CD47 induces ASD-like behaviors and synaptic pruning defects, while promoting behavioral disinhibition and improving memory in wild-type mice. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing was employed to profile gene expression patterns in subpopulations of neurons and microglia. Notably, neuronal CD47 enhances synaptic pathways in neurons and particularly shifts microglial subpopulations from a disease-associated state to a homeostatic state. Additionally, neuronal CD47 reduces excessive microglial synaptic phagocytosis induced by Aβ pathology in 5xFAD mice. Conclusion Our study provides evidence that neuronal CD47 overexpression results in synaptic pruning defects and is involved in the pathogenesis of ASD, while also playing a beneficial role in mitigating excessive synaptic loss in Alzheimer’s disease.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13578-025-01378-xCD47MicrogliaAlzheimer’s diseaseAutism spectrum disorderNeuron-microglia interactions
spellingShingle Wenjie Hu
Mengting Chen
Yuxue Lin
Hui Zhang
Li Sun
Wei Shao
Yuping Ye
Yujie Cheng
Shanshan Zhou
Panpan Hu
Xingqi Wu
Yin Xu
Kai Wang
Neuronal CD47 induces behavioral alterations and ameliorates microglial synaptic pruning in wild-type and Alzheimer’s mouse models
Cell & Bioscience
CD47
Microglia
Alzheimer’s disease
Autism spectrum disorder
Neuron-microglia interactions
title Neuronal CD47 induces behavioral alterations and ameliorates microglial synaptic pruning in wild-type and Alzheimer’s mouse models
title_full Neuronal CD47 induces behavioral alterations and ameliorates microglial synaptic pruning in wild-type and Alzheimer’s mouse models
title_fullStr Neuronal CD47 induces behavioral alterations and ameliorates microglial synaptic pruning in wild-type and Alzheimer’s mouse models
title_full_unstemmed Neuronal CD47 induces behavioral alterations and ameliorates microglial synaptic pruning in wild-type and Alzheimer’s mouse models
title_short Neuronal CD47 induces behavioral alterations and ameliorates microglial synaptic pruning in wild-type and Alzheimer’s mouse models
title_sort neuronal cd47 induces behavioral alterations and ameliorates microglial synaptic pruning in wild type and alzheimer s mouse models
topic CD47
Microglia
Alzheimer’s disease
Autism spectrum disorder
Neuron-microglia interactions
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13578-025-01378-x
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