Utilizing spent mushroom substrate biochar to improve Zea mays L. growth and biochemical resilience against cadmium and chromium toxicity

Utilizing spent mushroom substrate biochar to improve Zea mays L. growth and biochemical resilience against cadmium and chromium toxicity

Abstract Heavy metal contamination in agricultural soils is a growing environmental concern, particularly due to the increasing accumulation of cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) from industrial discharge, wastewater irrigation, and excessive fertilizer use. These toxic metals severely impact crop produ...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Khadim Dawar, Ahmad Ullah Khan, Motirh Al-Mutairi, Modhi O. Alotaibi, Ishaq Ahmad Mian, Asim Muhammad, Syed Sartaj Alam, Saniha Shoaib, Adel M. Ghoneim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Antioxidant
Biochar
Chlorophyll content
Mushroom substrate
Cadmium chromium
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01617-8
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https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-01617-8

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