Association between copper exposure and renal fibrosis in patients with chronic kidney disease: evidence from Mendelian randomization and a retrospective study

BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD), a global health challenge, is closely linked to renal fibrosis progression. Copper, an essential trace element, influences cellular functions, yet its role in CKD-related fibrosis remains unclear. This study explores the causal relationship between serum coppe...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Kaixiang Liu, Min Yu, Yangyang He, Ting Wang, Honghua Hu, Zhengwei Wan, Ping Shuai, Shasha Chen, Guisen Li, Li Wang, Xiang Zhong
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Public Health
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1657180/full
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