Dietary grape pomace ameliorates intestinal damage and oxidative stress by modulating MAPK-Nrf2/ARE pathways in coccidia-challenged broilers (Gallus gallus)

Grape pomace (GP) is an agricultural byproduct rich in bioactive compounds with antimicrobial, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties that have proven to have strong antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties in chickens. As a part of a defense mechanism, coccidiosis initiates oxidative burst...

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Main Authors: Milan K. Sharma, Eliot M. Dugan, Melissa Y. Huang, Cydney Jackson, Matthew J. Pataki, Peter R. Gracey, Chloe J. McGovern, Elad Tako
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:Poultry Science
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579125006078
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author Milan K. Sharma
Eliot M. Dugan
Melissa Y. Huang
Cydney Jackson
Matthew J. Pataki
Peter R. Gracey
Chloe J. McGovern
Elad Tako
author_facet Milan K. Sharma
Eliot M. Dugan
Melissa Y. Huang
Cydney Jackson
Matthew J. Pataki
Peter R. Gracey
Chloe J. McGovern
Elad Tako
author_sort Milan K. Sharma
collection DOAJ
description Grape pomace (GP) is an agricultural byproduct rich in bioactive compounds with antimicrobial, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties that have proven to have strong antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties in chickens. As a part of a defense mechanism, coccidiosis initiates oxidative bursts, generating large amounts of free radical species that negatively affect the gut health of chickens. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of GP in broilers infected with coccidiosis on physiological and molecular markers of gut health, immune response, and oxidative status. A total of 120 male broiler chickens were randomly assigned to one of the four treatments. The four treatment groups were i) non-challenged control without any dietary feed additives (NCC), ii) challenged control without any dietary feed additives (CC), iii) CC with 0.5 % dietary inclusion of concord grape pomace (0.5GP), and iv) CC with 0.75 % dietary inclusion of concord grape pomace (0.75GP). On d 14, broilers grouped in CC, 0.5GP, and 0.75GP were orally inoculated with 20 × doses of commercial live coccidiosis vaccine to induce coccidiosis. Results indicated that 0.75 % inclusion of GP reduced the occurrence and severity of the intestinal lesions associated with Eimeria at d 20 (P<0.05). The inclusion of either 0.5 or 0.75 % of GP improved the intestinal histomorphology in all three sections of the small intestine during the acute and recovery phases of coccidial infection (P<0.05). At d 20, 0.75GP tended to maintain the same level of IL-1β as that of NCC and downregulated the expression of IL-10 (P<0.1). Additionally, during the recovery phase, the CD8+ T-cell population was lower in the 0.75GP group compared to CC and 0.5GP (P=0.059). At d 20, the MAPK-Nrf2/ARE pathway was activated due to oxidative burst by coccidial challenge; however, 0.75 % GP inclusion was able to inactivate the path (P<0.05). These findings suggest that grape pomace possesses the potential as a sustainable feed additive to improve gut health, immune response, and oxidative stability in broilers infected with coccidiosis.
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spelling doaj-art-448f968ae0734485b84178c41b2f0f1d2025-08-20T03:31:23ZengElsevierPoultry Science0032-57912025-08-01104810536410.1016/j.psj.2025.105364Dietary grape pomace ameliorates intestinal damage and oxidative stress by modulating MAPK-Nrf2/ARE pathways in coccidia-challenged broilers (Gallus gallus)Milan K. Sharma0Eliot M. Dugan1Melissa Y. Huang2Cydney Jackson3Matthew J. Pataki4Peter R. Gracey5Chloe J. McGovern6Elad Tako7Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USADepartment of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USADepartment of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USADepartment of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USADepartment of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USADepartment of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USADepartment of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USACorresponding author.; Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USAGrape pomace (GP) is an agricultural byproduct rich in bioactive compounds with antimicrobial, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties that have proven to have strong antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties in chickens. As a part of a defense mechanism, coccidiosis initiates oxidative bursts, generating large amounts of free radical species that negatively affect the gut health of chickens. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of GP in broilers infected with coccidiosis on physiological and molecular markers of gut health, immune response, and oxidative status. A total of 120 male broiler chickens were randomly assigned to one of the four treatments. The four treatment groups were i) non-challenged control without any dietary feed additives (NCC), ii) challenged control without any dietary feed additives (CC), iii) CC with 0.5 % dietary inclusion of concord grape pomace (0.5GP), and iv) CC with 0.75 % dietary inclusion of concord grape pomace (0.75GP). On d 14, broilers grouped in CC, 0.5GP, and 0.75GP were orally inoculated with 20 × doses of commercial live coccidiosis vaccine to induce coccidiosis. Results indicated that 0.75 % inclusion of GP reduced the occurrence and severity of the intestinal lesions associated with Eimeria at d 20 (P<0.05). The inclusion of either 0.5 or 0.75 % of GP improved the intestinal histomorphology in all three sections of the small intestine during the acute and recovery phases of coccidial infection (P<0.05). At d 20, 0.75GP tended to maintain the same level of IL-1β as that of NCC and downregulated the expression of IL-10 (P<0.1). Additionally, during the recovery phase, the CD8+ T-cell population was lower in the 0.75GP group compared to CC and 0.5GP (P=0.059). At d 20, the MAPK-Nrf2/ARE pathway was activated due to oxidative burst by coccidial challenge; however, 0.75 % GP inclusion was able to inactivate the path (P<0.05). These findings suggest that grape pomace possesses the potential as a sustainable feed additive to improve gut health, immune response, and oxidative stability in broilers infected with coccidiosis.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579125006078Grape pomaceCoccidiosisGut healthOxidative stressImmune response
spellingShingle Milan K. Sharma
Eliot M. Dugan
Melissa Y. Huang
Cydney Jackson
Matthew J. Pataki
Peter R. Gracey
Chloe J. McGovern
Elad Tako
Dietary grape pomace ameliorates intestinal damage and oxidative stress by modulating MAPK-Nrf2/ARE pathways in coccidia-challenged broilers (Gallus gallus)
Poultry Science
Grape pomace
Coccidiosis
Gut health
Oxidative stress
Immune response
title Dietary grape pomace ameliorates intestinal damage and oxidative stress by modulating MAPK-Nrf2/ARE pathways in coccidia-challenged broilers (Gallus gallus)
title_full Dietary grape pomace ameliorates intestinal damage and oxidative stress by modulating MAPK-Nrf2/ARE pathways in coccidia-challenged broilers (Gallus gallus)
title_fullStr Dietary grape pomace ameliorates intestinal damage and oxidative stress by modulating MAPK-Nrf2/ARE pathways in coccidia-challenged broilers (Gallus gallus)
title_full_unstemmed Dietary grape pomace ameliorates intestinal damage and oxidative stress by modulating MAPK-Nrf2/ARE pathways in coccidia-challenged broilers (Gallus gallus)
title_short Dietary grape pomace ameliorates intestinal damage and oxidative stress by modulating MAPK-Nrf2/ARE pathways in coccidia-challenged broilers (Gallus gallus)
title_sort dietary grape pomace ameliorates intestinal damage and oxidative stress by modulating mapk nrf2 are pathways in coccidia challenged broilers gallus gallus
topic Grape pomace
Coccidiosis
Gut health
Oxidative stress
Immune response
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579125006078
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