Psychosocial Differences Between Female and Male Students in Learning Patterns and Mental Health-Related Indicators in STEM vs. Non-STEM Fields

This study explores psychosocial differences in mental health indicators and learning patterns between male and female students to promote inclusion and equality in university classrooms, focusing on STEM and non-STEM fields. Using a holistic approach, five learning dimensions comprising a diversity...

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Main Authors: María Natividad Elvira-Zorzo, Miguel Ángel Gandarillas, Mariacarla Martí-González
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Social Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/14/2/71
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author María Natividad Elvira-Zorzo
Miguel Ángel Gandarillas
Mariacarla Martí-González
author_facet María Natividad Elvira-Zorzo
Miguel Ángel Gandarillas
Mariacarla Martí-González
author_sort María Natividad Elvira-Zorzo
collection DOAJ
description This study explores psychosocial differences in mental health indicators and learning patterns between male and female students to promote inclusion and equality in university classrooms, focusing on STEM and non-STEM fields. Using a holistic approach, five learning dimensions comprising a diversity-in-learning (DinL) construct were analyzed: Coping with Difficulties, Effort, Autonomy, Understanding/Career Interest, and Social Context. Psychosocial predictors, including paternal and maternal parenting patterns, were also examined. Data were collected through a questionnaire completed by 2443 students from 83 undergraduate and postgraduate programs. Results indicated that male students reported higher levels of autonomy, while female students reported experiencing more mental health difficulties related to learning. Gender differences in learning dimensions were more pronounced in non-STEM fields. Parental influences also differed, with fathers and mothers shaping male and female students’ learning patterns in ways that reflect traditional gender roles. The findings highlight the lasting effects of gender roles on learning habits and psychological challenges in higher education. The study underscores the importance of addressing gender patterns in parenting and education to support more women in pursuing STEM fields, ultimately fostering greater equality and inclusion in academia.
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spelling doaj-art-4468dca3bfc74bc0b7bab38640e3a2bf2025-08-20T02:52:35ZengMDPI AGSocial Sciences2076-07602025-01-011427110.3390/socsci14020071Psychosocial Differences Between Female and Male Students in Learning Patterns and Mental Health-Related Indicators in STEM vs. Non-STEM FieldsMaría Natividad Elvira-Zorzo0Miguel Ángel Gandarillas1Mariacarla Martí-González2Department of Social Psychology and Anthropology, University of Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, SpainDepartment of Social, Work, and Differential Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, SpainDepartment of Anthropology and Social Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, SpainThis study explores psychosocial differences in mental health indicators and learning patterns between male and female students to promote inclusion and equality in university classrooms, focusing on STEM and non-STEM fields. Using a holistic approach, five learning dimensions comprising a diversity-in-learning (DinL) construct were analyzed: Coping with Difficulties, Effort, Autonomy, Understanding/Career Interest, and Social Context. Psychosocial predictors, including paternal and maternal parenting patterns, were also examined. Data were collected through a questionnaire completed by 2443 students from 83 undergraduate and postgraduate programs. Results indicated that male students reported higher levels of autonomy, while female students reported experiencing more mental health difficulties related to learning. Gender differences in learning dimensions were more pronounced in non-STEM fields. Parental influences also differed, with fathers and mothers shaping male and female students’ learning patterns in ways that reflect traditional gender roles. The findings highlight the lasting effects of gender roles on learning habits and psychological challenges in higher education. The study underscores the importance of addressing gender patterns in parenting and education to support more women in pursuing STEM fields, ultimately fostering greater equality and inclusion in academia.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/14/2/71gender differenceshigher educationlearning dimensionsmental healthSTEM
spellingShingle María Natividad Elvira-Zorzo
Miguel Ángel Gandarillas
Mariacarla Martí-González
Psychosocial Differences Between Female and Male Students in Learning Patterns and Mental Health-Related Indicators in STEM vs. Non-STEM Fields
Social Sciences
gender differences
higher education
learning dimensions
mental health
STEM
title Psychosocial Differences Between Female and Male Students in Learning Patterns and Mental Health-Related Indicators in STEM vs. Non-STEM Fields
title_full Psychosocial Differences Between Female and Male Students in Learning Patterns and Mental Health-Related Indicators in STEM vs. Non-STEM Fields
title_fullStr Psychosocial Differences Between Female and Male Students in Learning Patterns and Mental Health-Related Indicators in STEM vs. Non-STEM Fields
title_full_unstemmed Psychosocial Differences Between Female and Male Students in Learning Patterns and Mental Health-Related Indicators in STEM vs. Non-STEM Fields
title_short Psychosocial Differences Between Female and Male Students in Learning Patterns and Mental Health-Related Indicators in STEM vs. Non-STEM Fields
title_sort psychosocial differences between female and male students in learning patterns and mental health related indicators in stem vs non stem fields
topic gender differences
higher education
learning dimensions
mental health
STEM
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0760/14/2/71
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AT mariacarlamartigonzalez psychosocialdifferencesbetweenfemaleandmalestudentsinlearningpatternsandmentalhealthrelatedindicatorsinstemvsnonstemfields