The Difficulties of Ex Situ Conservation: A Nationwide Investigation of Avian Haemosporidia Among Captive Penguins in Japan
Avian malaria has been a continuous problem in both wild and captive populations of penguins throughout the world. In Japan, where there are over 3000 captive penguins, avian malaria (by <i>Plasmodium</i> spp.) and haemoproteosis (by <i>Haemoproteus</i> spp.) have been sporad...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-5636/6/1/7 |
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