Ensemble Model Using the Fokker–Planck Equation and Alfvénic Drift for Estimating Proton Flux in Solar Energetic Particle Events

Abstract Observations of solar energetic particles (SEPs) accelerated at collisionless shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) highlight the importance of understanding proton transport in velocity space. In this study, we present an ensemble model based on the one‐dimensional Fokker–Planck e...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ji‐Hoon Ha, Jae‐Hyung Lee, JaeHun Kim, Sang Cheol Han, Wonhyeong Yi, Hyun‐Jun Nah
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Geophysical Union (AGU) 2025-07-01
Series:Earth and Space Science
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2025EA004319
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