Risk factors and clinical risk stratification of distant metastasis in early-stage lung cancer in never smokers
Abstract Background Risk factors for distant metastasis in early-stage lung cancer in never smokers (LCINS) remain poorly understood. This study aimed to identify key risk factors and to develop a clinical risk stratification model for early-stage LCINS. Methods We retrospectively analyzed patients...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2025-06-01
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| Series: | World Journal of Surgical Oncology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12957-025-03892-1 |
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