‘Spirits of the Dead’ or ‘Necromancers’? The <i>eṭemmū</i> in an Old Assyrian Letter Reinterpreted in Light of Hebrew <i>’ō<u>b</u>ô<u>t</u></i>, <i>yidd<sup>e</sup>‘ōnîm</i>, and <i>’iṭṭîm</i>
The Old Assyrian archive from Kanesh, dated to ca. 1950–1850 BCE, has yielded a letter that refers to the consultation of the spirits of the dead (<i>eṭemmū</i>), thus making it the world’s oldest actual attestation of necromancy. However, whereas the immediate context mentions the <i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Religions |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/16/5/614 |
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