Catalytic pathways for N-arylation of benzimidazoles: A comprehensive review
The N-arylated benzimidazoles are important structural motifs in many biologically active compounds. Due to their distinct physicochemical and structural features, they have applications in a wide range of domains, including pharmaceutical chemistry, material sciences, and catalysis. Synthetic chemi...
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Elsevier
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Results in Chemistry |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715625000268 |
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| author | Anila Ghulam Tooba Jabeen Sana Aslam Matloob Ahmad Magdi E.A. Zaki |
| author_facet | Anila Ghulam Tooba Jabeen Sana Aslam Matloob Ahmad Magdi E.A. Zaki |
| author_sort | Anila Ghulam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The N-arylated benzimidazoles are important structural motifs in many biologically active compounds. Due to their distinct physicochemical and structural features, they have applications in a wide range of domains, including pharmaceutical chemistry, material sciences, and catalysis. Synthetic chemists have devised a variety of methods to accomplish efficient N-arylation of benzimidazoles. Transition metal-based catalysis has emerged as a key strategy, utilizing metals such as copper (Cu), palladium (Pd), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), iridium (Ir), and ruthenium (Ru). These catalysts, which are frequently supported by a variety of ligands, allow for the selective and efficient production of N-aryl bonds under a wide range of reaction conditions. Cross-coupling reactions, such as the Chan-Lam, Ullmann, and Buchwald-Hartwig protocols, are commonly used due to their durability and scalability. Metal-free techniques offer ecologically friendly options, and multicomponent reactions provide the benefit of convergent synthesis. Microwave-assisted reactions and photocatalyzed procedures have improved the efficiency, selectivity, and sustainability of N-arylation reactions. The review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements and strategies employed in constructing this important class of heterocyclic compounds, highlighting their versatility and significance. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-405f5f4fd208441384c884f6f65f40cb |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2211-7156 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Results in Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj-art-405f5f4fd208441384c884f6f65f40cb2025-01-29T05:01:06ZengElsevierResults in Chemistry2211-71562025-01-0113102043Catalytic pathways for N-arylation of benzimidazoles: A comprehensive reviewAnila Ghulam0Tooba Jabeen1Sana Aslam2Matloob Ahmad3Magdi E.A. Zaki4Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry, Government College Women University Faisalabad, 38000, PakistanDepartment of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan; Corresponding authors.Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia; Corresponding authors.The N-arylated benzimidazoles are important structural motifs in many biologically active compounds. Due to their distinct physicochemical and structural features, they have applications in a wide range of domains, including pharmaceutical chemistry, material sciences, and catalysis. Synthetic chemists have devised a variety of methods to accomplish efficient N-arylation of benzimidazoles. Transition metal-based catalysis has emerged as a key strategy, utilizing metals such as copper (Cu), palladium (Pd), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), iridium (Ir), and ruthenium (Ru). These catalysts, which are frequently supported by a variety of ligands, allow for the selective and efficient production of N-aryl bonds under a wide range of reaction conditions. Cross-coupling reactions, such as the Chan-Lam, Ullmann, and Buchwald-Hartwig protocols, are commonly used due to their durability and scalability. Metal-free techniques offer ecologically friendly options, and multicomponent reactions provide the benefit of convergent synthesis. Microwave-assisted reactions and photocatalyzed procedures have improved the efficiency, selectivity, and sustainability of N-arylation reactions. The review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements and strategies employed in constructing this important class of heterocyclic compounds, highlighting their versatility and significance.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715625000268BenzimidazoleN-arylationMetalCatalystSynthesisN-arylated benzimidazole |
| spellingShingle | Anila Ghulam Tooba Jabeen Sana Aslam Matloob Ahmad Magdi E.A. Zaki Catalytic pathways for N-arylation of benzimidazoles: A comprehensive review Results in Chemistry Benzimidazole N-arylation Metal Catalyst Synthesis N-arylated benzimidazole |
| title | Catalytic pathways for N-arylation of benzimidazoles: A comprehensive review |
| title_full | Catalytic pathways for N-arylation of benzimidazoles: A comprehensive review |
| title_fullStr | Catalytic pathways for N-arylation of benzimidazoles: A comprehensive review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Catalytic pathways for N-arylation of benzimidazoles: A comprehensive review |
| title_short | Catalytic pathways for N-arylation of benzimidazoles: A comprehensive review |
| title_sort | catalytic pathways for n arylation of benzimidazoles a comprehensive review |
| topic | Benzimidazole N-arylation Metal Catalyst Synthesis N-arylated benzimidazole |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715625000268 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT anilaghulam catalyticpathwaysfornarylationofbenzimidazolesacomprehensivereview AT toobajabeen catalyticpathwaysfornarylationofbenzimidazolesacomprehensivereview AT sanaaslam catalyticpathwaysfornarylationofbenzimidazolesacomprehensivereview AT matloobahmad catalyticpathwaysfornarylationofbenzimidazolesacomprehensivereview AT magdieazaki catalyticpathwaysfornarylationofbenzimidazolesacomprehensivereview |