Role of TGFβ-activated cancer-associated fibroblasts in the resistance to checkpoint blockade immunotherapy

Immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) have revolutionized cancer treatment by enabling durable responses. However, most patients showed resistance and limited efficacy. Elucidating mechanisms of resistance is imperative to extend the clinical utility of ICBs. Emerging evidence highlights cancer-associat...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: Weibin Hou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Oncology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1602452/full
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