Age-period-cohort analysis of self-harm incidence rates by gender in Iran among individuals aged 10–39 years, 1990–2019
Abstract This study investigates trends and patterns in self-harm incidence rates among individuals aged 10–39 years in Iran from 1990 to 2019. Using Age-Period-Cohort (APC) analysis, it aims to identify significant age, period, and cohort effects, and to highlight gender-specific trends for effecti...
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| Format: | Article |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85861-y |
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| author | Yousef Ramazani Alireza Abdi Shahab Rezaeian Farid Najafi Zhyla Aliyavari Mehdi Moradinazar |
| author_facet | Yousef Ramazani Alireza Abdi Shahab Rezaeian Farid Najafi Zhyla Aliyavari Mehdi Moradinazar |
| author_sort | Yousef Ramazani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This study investigates trends and patterns in self-harm incidence rates among individuals aged 10–39 years in Iran from 1990 to 2019. Using Age-Period-Cohort (APC) analysis, it aims to identify significant age, period, and cohort effects, and to highlight gender-specific trends for effective prevention strategies. Utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, we performed an APC analysis to assess trends in self-harm incidence rates by gender. Data was stratified into six age groups and six five-year periods, and analyzed using the APC Web Tool from the National Cancer Institute. The average incidence rates of self-harm attempts and deaths among individuals aged 10–39 years were 93.87 and 7.55 per 100,000 individuals, respectively. Females had 1.75 times higher attempt rates than males, while males had 1.62 times higher death rates. The APC analysis revealed that males experienced stable self-harm rates over time, while females showed a significant decline. Peak incidence for both genders occurred at age 22.5 years. Self-harm incidence rates show younger females are more vulnerable to self-harm, but there has been a general decline in incidences over time, particularly for more recent cohorts but the stability of rates across ages and the lower rates in more recent cohorts highlighted in male. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-3d5aabe175d541d8924578f406c069f6 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-3d5aabe175d541d8924578f406c069f62025-01-19T12:19:43ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-011511810.1038/s41598-025-85861-yAge-period-cohort analysis of self-harm incidence rates by gender in Iran among individuals aged 10–39 years, 1990–2019Yousef Ramazani0Alireza Abdi1Shahab Rezaeian2Farid Najafi3Zhyla Aliyavari4Mehdi Moradinazar5Family Health and Population Growth Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical SciencesEmergency and critical care nursing department,nursing and midwifery school, Kermanshah University of medical sciencesDepartment of Epidemiology, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Epidemiology, Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical SciencesBehavioral Disease Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical SciencesFamily Health and Population Growth Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical SciencesAbstract This study investigates trends and patterns in self-harm incidence rates among individuals aged 10–39 years in Iran from 1990 to 2019. Using Age-Period-Cohort (APC) analysis, it aims to identify significant age, period, and cohort effects, and to highlight gender-specific trends for effective prevention strategies. Utilizing data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, we performed an APC analysis to assess trends in self-harm incidence rates by gender. Data was stratified into six age groups and six five-year periods, and analyzed using the APC Web Tool from the National Cancer Institute. The average incidence rates of self-harm attempts and deaths among individuals aged 10–39 years were 93.87 and 7.55 per 100,000 individuals, respectively. Females had 1.75 times higher attempt rates than males, while males had 1.62 times higher death rates. The APC analysis revealed that males experienced stable self-harm rates over time, while females showed a significant decline. Peak incidence for both genders occurred at age 22.5 years. Self-harm incidence rates show younger females are more vulnerable to self-harm, but there has been a general decline in incidences over time, particularly for more recent cohorts but the stability of rates across ages and the lower rates in more recent cohorts highlighted in male.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85861-yAPC analysisSelf-harmTrendsSuicideIncidence ratesIran |
| spellingShingle | Yousef Ramazani Alireza Abdi Shahab Rezaeian Farid Najafi Zhyla Aliyavari Mehdi Moradinazar Age-period-cohort analysis of self-harm incidence rates by gender in Iran among individuals aged 10–39 years, 1990–2019 Scientific Reports APC analysis Self-harm Trends Suicide Incidence rates Iran |
| title | Age-period-cohort analysis of self-harm incidence rates by gender in Iran among individuals aged 10–39 years, 1990–2019 |
| title_full | Age-period-cohort analysis of self-harm incidence rates by gender in Iran among individuals aged 10–39 years, 1990–2019 |
| title_fullStr | Age-period-cohort analysis of self-harm incidence rates by gender in Iran among individuals aged 10–39 years, 1990–2019 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Age-period-cohort analysis of self-harm incidence rates by gender in Iran among individuals aged 10–39 years, 1990–2019 |
| title_short | Age-period-cohort analysis of self-harm incidence rates by gender in Iran among individuals aged 10–39 years, 1990–2019 |
| title_sort | age period cohort analysis of self harm incidence rates by gender in iran among individuals aged 10 39 years 1990 2019 |
| topic | APC analysis Self-harm Trends Suicide Incidence rates Iran |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85861-y |
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