Breast cancer patient-derived scaffolds enhance the understanding of PD-L1 regulation and T cell cytotoxicity

Abstract Recent advances as well as obstacles for immune-based cancer treatment strategies, highlight the notable impact of patient cancer microenvironments on the immune cells and immune targets. Here, we use patient-derived scaffolds (PDS) generated from 110 primary breast cancers to monitor the i...

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Main Authors: Elena Garre, Sara Rhost, Anna Gustafsson, Louis Szeponik, Thais Fenz Araujo, Marianne Quiding-Järbrink, Khalil Helou, Anders Ståhlberg, Göran Landberg
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Communications Biology
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-08054-3
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author Elena Garre
Sara Rhost
Anna Gustafsson
Louis Szeponik
Thais Fenz Araujo
Marianne Quiding-Järbrink
Khalil Helou
Anders Ståhlberg
Göran Landberg
author_facet Elena Garre
Sara Rhost
Anna Gustafsson
Louis Szeponik
Thais Fenz Araujo
Marianne Quiding-Järbrink
Khalil Helou
Anders Ståhlberg
Göran Landberg
author_sort Elena Garre
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Recent advances as well as obstacles for immune-based cancer treatment strategies, highlight the notable impact of patient cancer microenvironments on the immune cells and immune targets. Here, we use patient-derived scaffolds (PDS) generated from 110 primary breast cancers to monitor the impact of the cancer microenvironment on immune regulators. Pronounced variation in PD-L1 expression is observed in cancer cells adapted to different patient scaffolds. This variation is further linked to clinical observations and correlated with specific proteins detected in the cell-free PDSs using mass spectrometry. When adding T cells to the PDS-based cancer cultures, the killing efficiency of activated T cells vary between the cultures, whereas non-activated T cells modulate the cancer cell PD-L1 expression to treatment-predictive values, matching killing capacities of activated T cells. Surviving cancer cells show enrichment in cancer stem cell and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) features, suggesting that T cells may not efficiently target cells with metastatic potential. We conclude that clinically relevant insights in how to optimally target and guide immune-based cancer therapies can be obtained by including patient-derived scaffolds and cues from the cancer microenvironment in cancer patient handling and drug development.
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spelling doaj-art-3c6b3ba7a9e9431ab04b9a7bc033a2a92025-08-20T02:17:56ZengNature PortfolioCommunications Biology2399-36422025-04-018111210.1038/s42003-025-08054-3Breast cancer patient-derived scaffolds enhance the understanding of PD-L1 regulation and T cell cytotoxicityElena Garre0Sara Rhost1Anna Gustafsson2Louis Szeponik3Thais Fenz Araujo4Marianne Quiding-Järbrink5Khalil Helou6Anders Ståhlberg7Göran Landberg8Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of GothenburgDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of GothenburgDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of GothenburgDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of GothenburgDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgDepartment of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of GothenburgDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research, University of GothenburgAbstract Recent advances as well as obstacles for immune-based cancer treatment strategies, highlight the notable impact of patient cancer microenvironments on the immune cells and immune targets. Here, we use patient-derived scaffolds (PDS) generated from 110 primary breast cancers to monitor the impact of the cancer microenvironment on immune regulators. Pronounced variation in PD-L1 expression is observed in cancer cells adapted to different patient scaffolds. This variation is further linked to clinical observations and correlated with specific proteins detected in the cell-free PDSs using mass spectrometry. When adding T cells to the PDS-based cancer cultures, the killing efficiency of activated T cells vary between the cultures, whereas non-activated T cells modulate the cancer cell PD-L1 expression to treatment-predictive values, matching killing capacities of activated T cells. Surviving cancer cells show enrichment in cancer stem cell and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) features, suggesting that T cells may not efficiently target cells with metastatic potential. We conclude that clinically relevant insights in how to optimally target and guide immune-based cancer therapies can be obtained by including patient-derived scaffolds and cues from the cancer microenvironment in cancer patient handling and drug development.https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-08054-3
spellingShingle Elena Garre
Sara Rhost
Anna Gustafsson
Louis Szeponik
Thais Fenz Araujo
Marianne Quiding-Järbrink
Khalil Helou
Anders Ståhlberg
Göran Landberg
Breast cancer patient-derived scaffolds enhance the understanding of PD-L1 regulation and T cell cytotoxicity
Communications Biology
title Breast cancer patient-derived scaffolds enhance the understanding of PD-L1 regulation and T cell cytotoxicity
title_full Breast cancer patient-derived scaffolds enhance the understanding of PD-L1 regulation and T cell cytotoxicity
title_fullStr Breast cancer patient-derived scaffolds enhance the understanding of PD-L1 regulation and T cell cytotoxicity
title_full_unstemmed Breast cancer patient-derived scaffolds enhance the understanding of PD-L1 regulation and T cell cytotoxicity
title_short Breast cancer patient-derived scaffolds enhance the understanding of PD-L1 regulation and T cell cytotoxicity
title_sort breast cancer patient derived scaffolds enhance the understanding of pd l1 regulation and t cell cytotoxicity
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-08054-3
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