In vitro and in silico evaluation of fluorinated diphenylamine chalcone derivatives as potential antimalarial and anticancer agents

Abstract A series of novel diphenylamine fluorinated chalcone derivatives (B1–B10) were synthesized and characterized using 1H and 13C NMR, IR, and MS, and purity was determined using HPLC. The compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial, antimalarial, and anticancer activities, with Chloramphe...

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Main Authors: Aviral Shah, Kathan Desai, Ajaykumar Bhanusali, Shikha Agrawal, Khushbu Patel, Nilesh Naik, Anuj Thakar, Hem Naik, Dilip Kanjariya, Naved Malek, Smita Jauhari, Yogesh Kadam, Bhavesh Patel, Ankit B. Shah
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Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04073-6
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author Aviral Shah
Kathan Desai
Ajaykumar Bhanusali
Shikha Agrawal
Khushbu Patel
Nilesh Naik
Anuj Thakar
Hem Naik
Dilip Kanjariya
Naved Malek
Smita Jauhari
Yogesh Kadam
Bhavesh Patel
Ankit B. Shah
author_facet Aviral Shah
Kathan Desai
Ajaykumar Bhanusali
Shikha Agrawal
Khushbu Patel
Nilesh Naik
Anuj Thakar
Hem Naik
Dilip Kanjariya
Naved Malek
Smita Jauhari
Yogesh Kadam
Bhavesh Patel
Ankit B. Shah
author_sort Aviral Shah
collection DOAJ
description Abstract A series of novel diphenylamine fluorinated chalcone derivatives (B1–B10) were synthesized and characterized using 1H and 13C NMR, IR, and MS, and purity was determined using HPLC. The compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial, antimalarial, and anticancer activities, with Chloramphenicol, Griseofulvin, and 5-Fluorouracil serving as standard reference drugs. Notably, B6 exhibited excellent antifungal activity, comparable to that of the standard drug Griseofulvin. Compounds B3 and B5 showed strong antimalarial effects against Plasmodium falciparum. Both B3 and B5 exhibit substantial cytotoxicity against HeLa cells, with IC50 values of 24.53 µg/ml for B5 and 32.42 µg/ml for B3. These results clearly demonstrate that both compounds outperform the standard drug 5-Fluorouracil, establishing their strong potential as effective alternatives in cancer therapy. Molecular docking studies revealed that B3 and B6 effectively interacted with the active site of Falcilysin, while B5 and B7 showed favourable binding to proteins 6GUE and 2 × 7 F. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the stability of B3 and B6 with P. falciparum, while B5 and B3 exhibited promising interactions with 6GUE and 2X7F. These results suggest that compounds B3 and B5 are potential lead candidates for developing novel antimicrobial, antimalarial, and anticancer therapies.
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spelling doaj-art-3aba680a90cb4698809ee45a608f6ad92025-08-20T03:16:33ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111910.1038/s41598-025-04073-6In vitro and in silico evaluation of fluorinated diphenylamine chalcone derivatives as potential antimalarial and anticancer agentsAviral Shah0Kathan Desai1Ajaykumar Bhanusali2Shikha Agrawal3Khushbu Patel4Nilesh Naik5Anuj Thakar6Hem Naik7Dilip Kanjariya8Naved Malek9Smita Jauhari10Yogesh Kadam11Bhavesh Patel12Ankit B. Shah13Chemistry Department, Bhagwan Mahavir UniversityChemistry Department, Bhagwan Mahavir UniversityChemistry Department, Bhagwan Mahavir UniversityChemistry Department, Bhagwan Mahavir UniversityChemistry Department, Bhagwan Mahavir UniversityAnupam Rasayan India Limited, GIDCAnupam Rasayan India Limited, GIDCDepartment of Chemistry, S.V. National Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Chemistry, S.V. National Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Chemistry, S.V. National Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Chemistry, S.V. National Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, Vanita Vishram Women’s UniversityDepartment of Chemistry, Sir P. T. Sarvajanik College of ScienceChemistry Department, Bhagwan Mahavir UniversityAbstract A series of novel diphenylamine fluorinated chalcone derivatives (B1–B10) were synthesized and characterized using 1H and 13C NMR, IR, and MS, and purity was determined using HPLC. The compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial, antimalarial, and anticancer activities, with Chloramphenicol, Griseofulvin, and 5-Fluorouracil serving as standard reference drugs. Notably, B6 exhibited excellent antifungal activity, comparable to that of the standard drug Griseofulvin. Compounds B3 and B5 showed strong antimalarial effects against Plasmodium falciparum. Both B3 and B5 exhibit substantial cytotoxicity against HeLa cells, with IC50 values of 24.53 µg/ml for B5 and 32.42 µg/ml for B3. These results clearly demonstrate that both compounds outperform the standard drug 5-Fluorouracil, establishing their strong potential as effective alternatives in cancer therapy. Molecular docking studies revealed that B3 and B6 effectively interacted with the active site of Falcilysin, while B5 and B7 showed favourable binding to proteins 6GUE and 2 × 7 F. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the stability of B3 and B6 with P. falciparum, while B5 and B3 exhibited promising interactions with 6GUE and 2X7F. These results suggest that compounds B3 and B5 are potential lead candidates for developing novel antimicrobial, antimalarial, and anticancer therapies.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04073-6Fluorinated diphenylamine ChalconesIn vitro biological evaluationMethoxy functional group (-OCH3)In Silico study
spellingShingle Aviral Shah
Kathan Desai
Ajaykumar Bhanusali
Shikha Agrawal
Khushbu Patel
Nilesh Naik
Anuj Thakar
Hem Naik
Dilip Kanjariya
Naved Malek
Smita Jauhari
Yogesh Kadam
Bhavesh Patel
Ankit B. Shah
In vitro and in silico evaluation of fluorinated diphenylamine chalcone derivatives as potential antimalarial and anticancer agents
Scientific Reports
Fluorinated diphenylamine Chalcones
In vitro biological evaluation
Methoxy functional group (-OCH3)
In Silico study
title In vitro and in silico evaluation of fluorinated diphenylamine chalcone derivatives as potential antimalarial and anticancer agents
title_full In vitro and in silico evaluation of fluorinated diphenylamine chalcone derivatives as potential antimalarial and anticancer agents
title_fullStr In vitro and in silico evaluation of fluorinated diphenylamine chalcone derivatives as potential antimalarial and anticancer agents
title_full_unstemmed In vitro and in silico evaluation of fluorinated diphenylamine chalcone derivatives as potential antimalarial and anticancer agents
title_short In vitro and in silico evaluation of fluorinated diphenylamine chalcone derivatives as potential antimalarial and anticancer agents
title_sort in vitro and in silico evaluation of fluorinated diphenylamine chalcone derivatives as potential antimalarial and anticancer agents
topic Fluorinated diphenylamine Chalcones
In vitro biological evaluation
Methoxy functional group (-OCH3)
In Silico study
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04073-6
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