Exploring the nutritional, pharmacological, and industrial potential of okra and its byproducts: a comprehensive review

Abstract Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is a nutrient-rich and economically viable crop well known for its diverse benefits in the food and pharmaceutical industry. Besides okra fruit, its fresh leaves, flowers, and seeds are also rich in certain nutrients, including carbohydrates, protein, dietary f...

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Main Authors: Supriya Singh Gaur, Anusree Raveendran, A. Athulya, S. Adithya Narayanan, Rafeeya Shams, Kshirod Kumar Dash, Ayaz Mukarram Shaikh, Kovács Béla
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-07-01
Series:Discover Food
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s44187-025-00492-6
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author Supriya Singh Gaur
Anusree Raveendran
A. Athulya
S. Adithya Narayanan
Rafeeya Shams
Kshirod Kumar Dash
Ayaz Mukarram Shaikh
Kovács Béla
author_facet Supriya Singh Gaur
Anusree Raveendran
A. Athulya
S. Adithya Narayanan
Rafeeya Shams
Kshirod Kumar Dash
Ayaz Mukarram Shaikh
Kovács Béla
author_sort Supriya Singh Gaur
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is a nutrient-rich and economically viable crop well known for its diverse benefits in the food and pharmaceutical industry. Besides okra fruit, its fresh leaves, flowers, and seeds are also rich in certain nutrients, including carbohydrates, protein, dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals, significantly contributing to their beneficiary property. Moreover, okra intake provides several pharmacological benefits to the body, such as preventing chronic diseases like diabetes and hypertension due to bioactive compounds like flavonoids, polyphenols, and polysaccharides. Additionally, the diverse utilization of both okra and its byproducts in a variety of industries, such as food, textiles, pharmaceuticals, and packaging, has gained significant importance due to the use of okra pod mucilage as a natural thickening agent in food and biodegradable packaging material. Numerous health-aiding items, including protein supplements made from the fresh leaf of okra, herbal tea from the flower, and decaffeinated coffee made from the seeds, are also produced from okra and its byproducts. Further, it is easily available in sub-tropical and tropical parts of the world. Nonetheless, its potential is significantly overlooked in existing works. Owing to its potential and existing gaps, this review brings together several innovative aspects, including a detailed analysis of the nutrient profile, potential health benefits, bioactive composition, and the application of edible parts of okra. In addition, the role of okra and its byproducts in medicine, packaging, and food industries has been explored. This review also aims to highlight environmentally friendly products like biodegradable packaging and healthy products like coffee substitutes, herbal drinks, and low-calorie products from okra and its derivatives.
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spelling doaj-art-3a5ed36c1d0f452aaad12e4b61440ebf2025-08-20T04:02:54ZengSpringerDiscover Food2731-42862025-07-015111810.1007/s44187-025-00492-6Exploring the nutritional, pharmacological, and industrial potential of okra and its byproducts: a comprehensive reviewSupriya Singh Gaur0Anusree Raveendran1A. Athulya2S. Adithya Narayanan3Rafeeya Shams4Kshirod Kumar Dash5Ayaz Mukarram Shaikh6Kovács Béla7Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional UniversityDepartment of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional UniversityDepartment of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional UniversityDepartment of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional UniversityDepartment of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely Professional UniversityDepartment of Food Engineering and Technology, Ghani Khan Choudhury Institute of Engineering and TechnologyFaculty of Agriculture, Food Science and Environmental Management Institute of Food Science, University of DebrecenFaculty of Agriculture, Food Science and Environmental Management Institute of Food Science, University of DebrecenAbstract Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is a nutrient-rich and economically viable crop well known for its diverse benefits in the food and pharmaceutical industry. Besides okra fruit, its fresh leaves, flowers, and seeds are also rich in certain nutrients, including carbohydrates, protein, dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals, significantly contributing to their beneficiary property. Moreover, okra intake provides several pharmacological benefits to the body, such as preventing chronic diseases like diabetes and hypertension due to bioactive compounds like flavonoids, polyphenols, and polysaccharides. Additionally, the diverse utilization of both okra and its byproducts in a variety of industries, such as food, textiles, pharmaceuticals, and packaging, has gained significant importance due to the use of okra pod mucilage as a natural thickening agent in food and biodegradable packaging material. Numerous health-aiding items, including protein supplements made from the fresh leaf of okra, herbal tea from the flower, and decaffeinated coffee made from the seeds, are also produced from okra and its byproducts. Further, it is easily available in sub-tropical and tropical parts of the world. Nonetheless, its potential is significantly overlooked in existing works. Owing to its potential and existing gaps, this review brings together several innovative aspects, including a detailed analysis of the nutrient profile, potential health benefits, bioactive composition, and the application of edible parts of okra. In addition, the role of okra and its byproducts in medicine, packaging, and food industries has been explored. This review also aims to highlight environmentally friendly products like biodegradable packaging and healthy products like coffee substitutes, herbal drinks, and low-calorie products from okra and its derivatives.https://doi.org/10.1007/s44187-025-00492-6Abelmoschus esculentusValorizationBioactive compoundsFibre-richHealth benefitsIndustrial application
spellingShingle Supriya Singh Gaur
Anusree Raveendran
A. Athulya
S. Adithya Narayanan
Rafeeya Shams
Kshirod Kumar Dash
Ayaz Mukarram Shaikh
Kovács Béla
Exploring the nutritional, pharmacological, and industrial potential of okra and its byproducts: a comprehensive review
Discover Food
Abelmoschus esculentus
Valorization
Bioactive compounds
Fibre-rich
Health benefits
Industrial application
title Exploring the nutritional, pharmacological, and industrial potential of okra and its byproducts: a comprehensive review
title_full Exploring the nutritional, pharmacological, and industrial potential of okra and its byproducts: a comprehensive review
title_fullStr Exploring the nutritional, pharmacological, and industrial potential of okra and its byproducts: a comprehensive review
title_full_unstemmed Exploring the nutritional, pharmacological, and industrial potential of okra and its byproducts: a comprehensive review
title_short Exploring the nutritional, pharmacological, and industrial potential of okra and its byproducts: a comprehensive review
title_sort exploring the nutritional pharmacological and industrial potential of okra and its byproducts a comprehensive review
topic Abelmoschus esculentus
Valorization
Bioactive compounds
Fibre-rich
Health benefits
Industrial application
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s44187-025-00492-6
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