A Trade‐Off Between Antimicrobial Peptide Resistance and Sensitivity to Host Immune Effectors in Staphylococcus aureus In Vivo

ABSTRACT Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are essential immune effectors of multicellular organisms. Bacteria can evolve resistance to AMPs. Surprisingly, when used to challenge the yellow mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor, Staphylococcus aureus resistant to an abundant AMP (tenecin 1) of the very same...

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Main Authors: Baydaa El Shazely, Jens Rolff
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-02-01
Series:Evolutionary Applications
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70068
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author Baydaa El Shazely
Jens Rolff
author_facet Baydaa El Shazely
Jens Rolff
author_sort Baydaa El Shazely
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are essential immune effectors of multicellular organisms. Bacteria can evolve resistance to AMPs. Surprisingly, when used to challenge the yellow mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor, Staphylococcus aureus resistant to an abundant AMP (tenecin 1) of the very same host species did not increase host mortality or bacterial load compared to infections with wild‐type S. aureus. A possible explanation is that antimicrobial resistance is costly due to the collaterally increased sensitivity of AMP‐resistant strains to other immune effectors. Here, we study the sensitivity of a group of AMP‐resistant S. aureus strains (resistant to tenecin 1 or a combination of tenecin 1 + 2) to other immune effectors such as phenoloxidase and other AMPs in vivo. Using RNAi‐based knockdown, we investigate S. aureus survival in insect hosts lacking selected immune effectors. We find that all except one AMP‐resistant strain displayed collateral sensitivity toward phenoloxidase. Some AMP‐resistant strains show sensitivity to components of the yellow mealworm beetle AMP defense cocktail. Our findings are consistent with the idea that resistance to AMPs does not translate into changes in virulence because it is balanced by the collaterally increased sensitivity to other host immune effectors. AMP resistance fails to provide a net survival advantage to S. aureus in a host environment that is dominated by AMPs.
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spelling doaj-art-389e27a3baa94d9d95400133518ba2d82025-08-20T01:58:12ZengWileyEvolutionary Applications1752-45712025-02-01182n/an/a10.1111/eva.70068A Trade‐Off Between Antimicrobial Peptide Resistance and Sensitivity to Host Immune Effectors in Staphylococcus aureus In VivoBaydaa El Shazely0Jens Rolff1Institut für Biologie, Evolutionary Biology Freie Universität Berlin Berlin GermanyInstitut für Biologie, Evolutionary Biology Freie Universität Berlin Berlin GermanyABSTRACT Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are essential immune effectors of multicellular organisms. Bacteria can evolve resistance to AMPs. Surprisingly, when used to challenge the yellow mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor, Staphylococcus aureus resistant to an abundant AMP (tenecin 1) of the very same host species did not increase host mortality or bacterial load compared to infections with wild‐type S. aureus. A possible explanation is that antimicrobial resistance is costly due to the collaterally increased sensitivity of AMP‐resistant strains to other immune effectors. Here, we study the sensitivity of a group of AMP‐resistant S. aureus strains (resistant to tenecin 1 or a combination of tenecin 1 + 2) to other immune effectors such as phenoloxidase and other AMPs in vivo. Using RNAi‐based knockdown, we investigate S. aureus survival in insect hosts lacking selected immune effectors. We find that all except one AMP‐resistant strain displayed collateral sensitivity toward phenoloxidase. Some AMP‐resistant strains show sensitivity to components of the yellow mealworm beetle AMP defense cocktail. Our findings are consistent with the idea that resistance to AMPs does not translate into changes in virulence because it is balanced by the collaterally increased sensitivity to other host immune effectors. AMP resistance fails to provide a net survival advantage to S. aureus in a host environment that is dominated by AMPs.https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70068antimicrobial peptidesantimicrobial resistancenegative pleiotropyTenebrio molitor
spellingShingle Baydaa El Shazely
Jens Rolff
A Trade‐Off Between Antimicrobial Peptide Resistance and Sensitivity to Host Immune Effectors in Staphylococcus aureus In Vivo
Evolutionary Applications
antimicrobial peptides
antimicrobial resistance
negative pleiotropy
Tenebrio molitor
title A Trade‐Off Between Antimicrobial Peptide Resistance and Sensitivity to Host Immune Effectors in Staphylococcus aureus In Vivo
title_full A Trade‐Off Between Antimicrobial Peptide Resistance and Sensitivity to Host Immune Effectors in Staphylococcus aureus In Vivo
title_fullStr A Trade‐Off Between Antimicrobial Peptide Resistance and Sensitivity to Host Immune Effectors in Staphylococcus aureus In Vivo
title_full_unstemmed A Trade‐Off Between Antimicrobial Peptide Resistance and Sensitivity to Host Immune Effectors in Staphylococcus aureus In Vivo
title_short A Trade‐Off Between Antimicrobial Peptide Resistance and Sensitivity to Host Immune Effectors in Staphylococcus aureus In Vivo
title_sort trade off between antimicrobial peptide resistance and sensitivity to host immune effectors in staphylococcus aureus in vivo
topic antimicrobial peptides
antimicrobial resistance
negative pleiotropy
Tenebrio molitor
url https://doi.org/10.1111/eva.70068
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AT jensrolff atradeoffbetweenantimicrobialpeptideresistanceandsensitivitytohostimmuneeffectorsinstaphylococcusaureusinvivo
AT baydaaelshazely tradeoffbetweenantimicrobialpeptideresistanceandsensitivitytohostimmuneeffectorsinstaphylococcusaureusinvivo
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