Analyzing IL-2-induced vascular leakage with an irAOP as tool

Immune-related adverse outcome pathways (irAOPs) are a toxicological tool for the structuring of complex immunological mechanisms. The EU-funded IMI-project imSAVAR analyses the applicability of irAOPs in pre-clinical safety assessment of immunotherapies. Here, we use immunotherapy with interleukin...

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Main Authors: Patricia Gogesch, Samira Ortega Iannazzo, Tamara Zimmermann, Remi Villenave, Katherina Sewald, Zoe Waibler
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2024-12-01
Series:Journal of Immunotoxicology
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/1547691X.2024.2369123
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author Patricia Gogesch
Samira Ortega Iannazzo
Tamara Zimmermann
Remi Villenave
Katherina Sewald
Zoe Waibler
author_facet Patricia Gogesch
Samira Ortega Iannazzo
Tamara Zimmermann
Remi Villenave
Katherina Sewald
Zoe Waibler
author_sort Patricia Gogesch
collection DOAJ
description Immune-related adverse outcome pathways (irAOPs) are a toxicological tool for the structuring of complex immunological mechanisms. The EU-funded IMI-project imSAVAR analyses the applicability of irAOPs in pre-clinical safety assessment of immunotherapies. Here, we use immunotherapy with interleukin (IL)-2 as a use case to develop an irAOP for IL-2-mediated vascular leakage (VL). Despite severe side effects observed upon high-dose treatment, IL-2 remains a promising candidate for cancer- and autoimmune therapy. The secondary systemic capillary leakage syndrome is described by a high mortality and a lethality rate of 20 - 30%. However, due to its non-specific symptoms, it remains a serious but under-diagnosed pathology. VL as general phenomenon is associated with several pro-inflammatory scenarios or observed as severe side effect of immunotherapies. In such situations, the physiological condition, in which endothelial cells (ECs) form the semipermeable seal of the vasculature, can escalate into pathological vascular permeability and finally VL. Although EC-biology and mechanisms underlying VL are ongoing subjects of research since many years, exact understanding of VL pathophysiology remains unclear. With this review, we provide an overview of the development of VL from an immunological perspective in the context of high-dose IL-2 immunotherapy. We structured the corresponding knowledge and generated an irAOP for IL-2-mediated VL with the aim to identify gaps and possible biomarkers. Gained insights from this theoretical approach facilitate the identification of relevant scientific questions as a basis for concrete experimental work. Integration of novel experiment-based knowledge into the existing irAOP could close a ‘feedback-loop’ by enabling irAOP-refinement and the identification of new questions. At the same time this could give rise to important information to improve test systems for IL-2-based immunotherapy safety-assessment and overall the approach to understand, prevent, or predict VL as critical side effect of other clinical conditions.
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spelling doaj-art-37baf8df18444b06be160907ea3e0dee2025-08-20T02:48:43ZengTaylor & Francis GroupJournal of Immunotoxicology1547-691X1547-69012024-12-0121sup1S79S8810.1080/1547691X.2024.2369123Analyzing IL-2-induced vascular leakage with an irAOP as toolPatricia Gogesch0Samira Ortega Iannazzo1Tamara Zimmermann2Remi Villenave3Katherina Sewald4Zoe Waibler5Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Division of Immunology, Langen, GermanyPaul-Ehrlich-Institut, Division of Immunology, Langen, GermanyInnovation Center, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, SwitzerlandInnovation Center, Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Basel, SwitzerlandFraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Department for Preclinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover, GermanyPaul-Ehrlich-Institut, Division of Immunology, Langen, GermanyImmune-related adverse outcome pathways (irAOPs) are a toxicological tool for the structuring of complex immunological mechanisms. The EU-funded IMI-project imSAVAR analyses the applicability of irAOPs in pre-clinical safety assessment of immunotherapies. Here, we use immunotherapy with interleukin (IL)-2 as a use case to develop an irAOP for IL-2-mediated vascular leakage (VL). Despite severe side effects observed upon high-dose treatment, IL-2 remains a promising candidate for cancer- and autoimmune therapy. The secondary systemic capillary leakage syndrome is described by a high mortality and a lethality rate of 20 - 30%. However, due to its non-specific symptoms, it remains a serious but under-diagnosed pathology. VL as general phenomenon is associated with several pro-inflammatory scenarios or observed as severe side effect of immunotherapies. In such situations, the physiological condition, in which endothelial cells (ECs) form the semipermeable seal of the vasculature, can escalate into pathological vascular permeability and finally VL. Although EC-biology and mechanisms underlying VL are ongoing subjects of research since many years, exact understanding of VL pathophysiology remains unclear. With this review, we provide an overview of the development of VL from an immunological perspective in the context of high-dose IL-2 immunotherapy. We structured the corresponding knowledge and generated an irAOP for IL-2-mediated VL with the aim to identify gaps and possible biomarkers. Gained insights from this theoretical approach facilitate the identification of relevant scientific questions as a basis for concrete experimental work. Integration of novel experiment-based knowledge into the existing irAOP could close a ‘feedback-loop’ by enabling irAOP-refinement and the identification of new questions. At the same time this could give rise to important information to improve test systems for IL-2-based immunotherapy safety-assessment and overall the approach to understand, prevent, or predict VL as critical side effect of other clinical conditions.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/1547691X.2024.2369123Endothelial cellspermeabilityimSAVARimmune related adverse outcome pathwayvascular leakageIL-2-immunotherapy
spellingShingle Patricia Gogesch
Samira Ortega Iannazzo
Tamara Zimmermann
Remi Villenave
Katherina Sewald
Zoe Waibler
Analyzing IL-2-induced vascular leakage with an irAOP as tool
Journal of Immunotoxicology
Endothelial cells
permeability
imSAVAR
immune related adverse outcome pathway
vascular leakage
IL-2-immunotherapy
title Analyzing IL-2-induced vascular leakage with an irAOP as tool
title_full Analyzing IL-2-induced vascular leakage with an irAOP as tool
title_fullStr Analyzing IL-2-induced vascular leakage with an irAOP as tool
title_full_unstemmed Analyzing IL-2-induced vascular leakage with an irAOP as tool
title_short Analyzing IL-2-induced vascular leakage with an irAOP as tool
title_sort analyzing il 2 induced vascular leakage with an iraop as tool
topic Endothelial cells
permeability
imSAVAR
immune related adverse outcome pathway
vascular leakage
IL-2-immunotherapy
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/1547691X.2024.2369123
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