Real-time capture of σN transcription initiation intermediates reveals mechanism of ATPase-driven activation by limited unfolding

Abstract Bacterial σ factors bind RNA polymerase (E) to form holoenzyme (Eσ), conferring promoter specificity to E and playing a key role in transcription bubble formation. σN is unique among σ factors in its structure and functional mechanism, requiring activation by specialized AAA+ ATPases. EσN f...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Andreas U. Mueller, Nina Molina, B. Tracy Nixon, Seth A. Darst
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61837-4
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