Non-typhoidal Salmonella among slaughterhouse workers and in the pork value chain in selected districts of Uganda

IntroductionNon-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a major cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, often associated with meat consumption and meat processing. Research on NTS infection and circulating serovars in meat value chains in Uganda is limited. We aimed to establish NTS prevalence, antimicrobial resi...

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Main Authors: Velma Kivali, Kristina Roesel, Ian Dohoo, Lordrick Alinaitwe, James Katamba Bugeza, Jolly Justine Hoona, Denis Rwabiita Mugizi, Clovice Kankya, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Istvan Szabo, Uwe Rösler, Anika Friese, Elizabeth A. J. Cook
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Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-09-01
Series:Frontiers in Veterinary Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1427773/full
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author Velma Kivali
Velma Kivali
Velma Kivali
Kristina Roesel
Kristina Roesel
Ian Dohoo
Lordrick Alinaitwe
Lordrick Alinaitwe
Lordrick Alinaitwe
Lordrick Alinaitwe
James Katamba Bugeza
James Katamba Bugeza
Jolly Justine Hoona
Denis Rwabiita Mugizi
Denis Rwabiita Mugizi
Clovice Kankya
Sinh Dang-Xuan
Sinh Dang-Xuan
Istvan Szabo
Uwe Rösler
Anika Friese
Elizabeth A. J. Cook
Elizabeth A. J. Cook
author_facet Velma Kivali
Velma Kivali
Velma Kivali
Kristina Roesel
Kristina Roesel
Ian Dohoo
Lordrick Alinaitwe
Lordrick Alinaitwe
Lordrick Alinaitwe
Lordrick Alinaitwe
James Katamba Bugeza
James Katamba Bugeza
Jolly Justine Hoona
Denis Rwabiita Mugizi
Denis Rwabiita Mugizi
Clovice Kankya
Sinh Dang-Xuan
Sinh Dang-Xuan
Istvan Szabo
Uwe Rösler
Anika Friese
Elizabeth A. J. Cook
Elizabeth A. J. Cook
author_sort Velma Kivali
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionNon-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a major cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, often associated with meat consumption and meat processing. Research on NTS infection and circulating serovars in meat value chains in Uganda is limited. We aimed to establish NTS prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and risk factors among slaughterhouse workers, and to identify potentially zoonotic serovars in the pork value chain.Material and methodsWe conducted a nationwide cross-sectional survey, collecting 364 stool samples from livestock slaughterhouse workers and 1,535 samples from the pork value chain: mesenteric lymph nodes, fecal samples, swabs of carcass splitting floor, cleaning water, meat handlers hand swabs, carcass swabs, raw pork, cooked pork, and mixed raw vegetables. Samples were cultured for isolation of NTS, and subsequently serotyped according to White–Kauffmann–Le Minor scheme. Antimicrobial resistance profiles were determined using tube microdilution and Sensititre® EUVSEC3® plates. Semi- structured questionnaires with 35 questions were used to collect data on demographics, work related risk factors and activities outside the slaughterhouse.Results and discussionOverall NTS prevalence was 19.2% (365/1899). Proportions at slaughter were; 46.7% in floor swabs, 30.5% in carcass swabs, 20.5% in pig faeces,19.2% in mesenteric lymph nodes,18.4% in hand swabs, 9.5% in water and 5.2% in slaughterhouse workers. At retail, proportions were 33.8% in pork chopping surface, 33.1% in raw pork, 18.9% in hand swabs, 4.0% in cooked pork and 0.7% in vegetables. Sixty-one serovars were identified, with significant overlap between humans and the pork value chain. Overall, zoonotic S. Zanzibar, monophasic serovars of S. subspecies salamae (II) and subspecies enterica (I), S. Typhimurium and S. Newport, were the most prevalent. S. Typhimurium was predominant in humans and exhibited multi-drug resistance. NTS infection was significantly associated with eating, drinking, or smoking while working (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 0.67-2.90%, p = 0.004). The detected NTS serovars in slaughterhouse workers could be a potential indicator of circulating serovars in the general population. The persistent presence of NTS along the pork value chain highlights occurrence of cross-contamination and the potential for transmission to consumers and slaughterhouse workers. This emphasizes the need to reduce Salmonella prevalence on pig farms and improve hygiene and pork handling practices at slaughter and retail points.
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spelling doaj-art-359a95ca919a4410b3d3fc2fc46a3b1b2025-08-20T01:56:13ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692024-09-011110.3389/fvets.2024.14277731427773Non-typhoidal Salmonella among slaughterhouse workers and in the pork value chain in selected districts of UgandaVelma Kivali0Velma Kivali1Velma Kivali2Kristina Roesel3Kristina Roesel4Ian Dohoo5Lordrick Alinaitwe6Lordrick Alinaitwe7Lordrick Alinaitwe8Lordrick Alinaitwe9James Katamba Bugeza10James Katamba Bugeza11Jolly Justine Hoona12Denis Rwabiita Mugizi13Denis Rwabiita Mugizi14Clovice Kankya15Sinh Dang-Xuan16Sinh Dang-Xuan17Istvan Szabo18Uwe Rösler19Anika Friese20Elizabeth A. J. Cook21Elizabeth A. J. Cook22Animal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Kampala, UgandaAnimal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, KenyaInstitute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie University of Berlin, Berlin, GermanyAnimal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Kampala, UgandaAnimal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, KenyaDepartment of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, CanadaAnimal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Kampala, UgandaAnimal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, KenyaVeterinary Public Health Institute, University of Bern, Bern, SwitzerlandGraduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, SwitzerlandAnimal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Kampala, UgandaAnimal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, KenyaDepartment of Animal Production, Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries, Entebbe, UgandaAnimal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Kampala, UgandaAnimal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, KenyaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, UgandaAnimal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Kampala, UgandaAnimal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, KenyaDepartment for Biological Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, BfR, Berlin, GermanyInstitute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie University of Berlin, Berlin, GermanyInstitute for Animal Hygiene and Environmental Health, Freie University of Berlin, Berlin, GermanyAnimal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Kampala, UgandaAnimal and Human Health Program, International Livestock Research Institute, Nairobi, KenyaIntroductionNon-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a major cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, often associated with meat consumption and meat processing. Research on NTS infection and circulating serovars in meat value chains in Uganda is limited. We aimed to establish NTS prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and risk factors among slaughterhouse workers, and to identify potentially zoonotic serovars in the pork value chain.Material and methodsWe conducted a nationwide cross-sectional survey, collecting 364 stool samples from livestock slaughterhouse workers and 1,535 samples from the pork value chain: mesenteric lymph nodes, fecal samples, swabs of carcass splitting floor, cleaning water, meat handlers hand swabs, carcass swabs, raw pork, cooked pork, and mixed raw vegetables. Samples were cultured for isolation of NTS, and subsequently serotyped according to White–Kauffmann–Le Minor scheme. Antimicrobial resistance profiles were determined using tube microdilution and Sensititre® EUVSEC3® plates. Semi- structured questionnaires with 35 questions were used to collect data on demographics, work related risk factors and activities outside the slaughterhouse.Results and discussionOverall NTS prevalence was 19.2% (365/1899). Proportions at slaughter were; 46.7% in floor swabs, 30.5% in carcass swabs, 20.5% in pig faeces,19.2% in mesenteric lymph nodes,18.4% in hand swabs, 9.5% in water and 5.2% in slaughterhouse workers. At retail, proportions were 33.8% in pork chopping surface, 33.1% in raw pork, 18.9% in hand swabs, 4.0% in cooked pork and 0.7% in vegetables. Sixty-one serovars were identified, with significant overlap between humans and the pork value chain. Overall, zoonotic S. Zanzibar, monophasic serovars of S. subspecies salamae (II) and subspecies enterica (I), S. Typhimurium and S. Newport, were the most prevalent. S. Typhimurium was predominant in humans and exhibited multi-drug resistance. NTS infection was significantly associated with eating, drinking, or smoking while working (OR = 1.95, 95% CI: 0.67-2.90%, p = 0.004). The detected NTS serovars in slaughterhouse workers could be a potential indicator of circulating serovars in the general population. The persistent presence of NTS along the pork value chain highlights occurrence of cross-contamination and the potential for transmission to consumers and slaughterhouse workers. This emphasizes the need to reduce Salmonella prevalence on pig farms and improve hygiene and pork handling practices at slaughter and retail points.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1427773/fullnon-typhoidal Salmonellaslaughterhouse workerspork value chainNTS serovarsUganda
spellingShingle Velma Kivali
Velma Kivali
Velma Kivali
Kristina Roesel
Kristina Roesel
Ian Dohoo
Lordrick Alinaitwe
Lordrick Alinaitwe
Lordrick Alinaitwe
Lordrick Alinaitwe
James Katamba Bugeza
James Katamba Bugeza
Jolly Justine Hoona
Denis Rwabiita Mugizi
Denis Rwabiita Mugizi
Clovice Kankya
Sinh Dang-Xuan
Sinh Dang-Xuan
Istvan Szabo
Uwe Rösler
Anika Friese
Elizabeth A. J. Cook
Elizabeth A. J. Cook
Non-typhoidal Salmonella among slaughterhouse workers and in the pork value chain in selected districts of Uganda
Frontiers in Veterinary Science
non-typhoidal Salmonella
slaughterhouse workers
pork value chain
NTS serovars
Uganda
title Non-typhoidal Salmonella among slaughterhouse workers and in the pork value chain in selected districts of Uganda
title_full Non-typhoidal Salmonella among slaughterhouse workers and in the pork value chain in selected districts of Uganda
title_fullStr Non-typhoidal Salmonella among slaughterhouse workers and in the pork value chain in selected districts of Uganda
title_full_unstemmed Non-typhoidal Salmonella among slaughterhouse workers and in the pork value chain in selected districts of Uganda
title_short Non-typhoidal Salmonella among slaughterhouse workers and in the pork value chain in selected districts of Uganda
title_sort non typhoidal salmonella among slaughterhouse workers and in the pork value chain in selected districts of uganda
topic non-typhoidal Salmonella
slaughterhouse workers
pork value chain
NTS serovars
Uganda
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1427773/full
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