Causal relationship between gut microbiota and hepatocellular carcinoma: a two-sample Mendelian randomization and case–control study

Abstract Background Accumulating evidence from both observational studies and clinical trials has established a connection between the gut microbiome and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nevertheless, the causal relationship between gut microbes and hepatocellular carcinoma remains ambiguous. Methods...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Liu Yang, Wei Wei, Yuekui Wang, Wentao Kuai, Liang Xu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-06-01
Series:Discover Oncology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-025-02806-7
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