Bacillus paralicheniformis LN33 fermented feed improves growth performance in Cherry Valley ducks by enhancing immune function and intestinal barrier integrity
IntroductionThis study investigated the effects of feed fermented with Bacillus paralicheniformis LN33 on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune response, intestinal barrier function, and gut microbiota in Cherry Valley ducks.MethodsA total of 480 healthy 7-day-old Cherry Valley ducks (197...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1619287/full |
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| author | Yilong Jiang Xiaofei Yang Yi Lei Songlin Li Xianxin Chen Li Jiang |
| author_facet | Yilong Jiang Xiaofei Yang Yi Lei Songlin Li Xianxin Chen Li Jiang |
| author_sort | Yilong Jiang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionThis study investigated the effects of feed fermented with Bacillus paralicheniformis LN33 on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune response, intestinal barrier function, and gut microbiota in Cherry Valley ducks.MethodsA total of 480 healthy 7-day-old Cherry Valley ducks (197.33 ± 5.90 g) were randomly divided into four groups. One group received a basal diet (control), while the other three received the basal diet supplemented with 1%, 3%, or 5% fermented feed for 28 days.ResultsDucks fed 3% fermented feed showed significantly higher final body weight (3,020.00 ± 52.20 g) and average daily gain (100.79 ± 1.73 g) than the control group (2,896.00 ± 120.93 g and 96.39 ± 4.23 g, respectively; P < 0.05). The feed-to-gain ratio decreased significantly (1.79 ± 0.03 vs. 1.87 ± 0.08; P < 0.05), with similar feed intake across groups. Antioxidant enzyme activity increased, while pro-inflammatory cytokine levels decreased. Expression of intestinal tight junction proteins and immune markers improved. The relative abundances of Faecalibacterium, Odoribacter, and Butyricicoccus increased significantly and were positively correlated with intestinal and immune function.DiscussionThese results suggest that B. paralicheniformis-fermented feed enhances growth performance and overall health in Cherry Valley ducks by boosting antioxidant defenses, modulating immune responses, and reshaping the gut microbiota. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-34ed96fc6a0f4281a3254bdbb491fd7b |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-34ed96fc6a0f4281a3254bdbb491fd7b2025-08-20T03:14:06ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692025-07-011210.3389/fvets.2025.16192871619287Bacillus paralicheniformis LN33 fermented feed improves growth performance in Cherry Valley ducks by enhancing immune function and intestinal barrier integrityYilong Jiang0Xiaofei Yang1Yi Lei2Songlin Li3Xianxin Chen4Li Jiang5Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, Sichuan, ChinaCollege of Life Science and Agri-Forestry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, ChinaLeshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, Sichuan, ChinaLeshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, Sichuan, ChinaLeshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, Sichuan, ChinaCollege of Life Science and Agri-Forestry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, ChinaIntroductionThis study investigated the effects of feed fermented with Bacillus paralicheniformis LN33 on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune response, intestinal barrier function, and gut microbiota in Cherry Valley ducks.MethodsA total of 480 healthy 7-day-old Cherry Valley ducks (197.33 ± 5.90 g) were randomly divided into four groups. One group received a basal diet (control), while the other three received the basal diet supplemented with 1%, 3%, or 5% fermented feed for 28 days.ResultsDucks fed 3% fermented feed showed significantly higher final body weight (3,020.00 ± 52.20 g) and average daily gain (100.79 ± 1.73 g) than the control group (2,896.00 ± 120.93 g and 96.39 ± 4.23 g, respectively; P < 0.05). The feed-to-gain ratio decreased significantly (1.79 ± 0.03 vs. 1.87 ± 0.08; P < 0.05), with similar feed intake across groups. Antioxidant enzyme activity increased, while pro-inflammatory cytokine levels decreased. Expression of intestinal tight junction proteins and immune markers improved. The relative abundances of Faecalibacterium, Odoribacter, and Butyricicoccus increased significantly and were positively correlated with intestinal and immune function.DiscussionThese results suggest that B. paralicheniformis-fermented feed enhances growth performance and overall health in Cherry Valley ducks by boosting antioxidant defenses, modulating immune responses, and reshaping the gut microbiota.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1619287/fullBacillus paralicheniformis LN33Cherry Valley ducksfermented feedgrowth performanceimmune functionintestinal barrier |
| spellingShingle | Yilong Jiang Xiaofei Yang Yi Lei Songlin Li Xianxin Chen Li Jiang Bacillus paralicheniformis LN33 fermented feed improves growth performance in Cherry Valley ducks by enhancing immune function and intestinal barrier integrity Frontiers in Veterinary Science Bacillus paralicheniformis LN33 Cherry Valley ducks fermented feed growth performance immune function intestinal barrier |
| title | Bacillus paralicheniformis LN33 fermented feed improves growth performance in Cherry Valley ducks by enhancing immune function and intestinal barrier integrity |
| title_full | Bacillus paralicheniformis LN33 fermented feed improves growth performance in Cherry Valley ducks by enhancing immune function and intestinal barrier integrity |
| title_fullStr | Bacillus paralicheniformis LN33 fermented feed improves growth performance in Cherry Valley ducks by enhancing immune function and intestinal barrier integrity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bacillus paralicheniformis LN33 fermented feed improves growth performance in Cherry Valley ducks by enhancing immune function and intestinal barrier integrity |
| title_short | Bacillus paralicheniformis LN33 fermented feed improves growth performance in Cherry Valley ducks by enhancing immune function and intestinal barrier integrity |
| title_sort | bacillus paralicheniformis ln33 fermented feed improves growth performance in cherry valley ducks by enhancing immune function and intestinal barrier integrity |
| topic | Bacillus paralicheniformis LN33 Cherry Valley ducks fermented feed growth performance immune function intestinal barrier |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1619287/full |
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