Bacillus paralicheniformis LN33 fermented feed improves growth performance in Cherry Valley ducks by enhancing immune function and intestinal barrier integrity

IntroductionThis study investigated the effects of feed fermented with Bacillus paralicheniformis LN33 on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune response, intestinal barrier function, and gut microbiota in Cherry Valley ducks.MethodsA total of 480 healthy 7-day-old Cherry Valley ducks (197...

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Main Authors: Yilong Jiang, Xiaofei Yang, Yi Lei, Songlin Li, Xianxin Chen, Li Jiang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Veterinary Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1619287/full
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author Yilong Jiang
Xiaofei Yang
Yi Lei
Songlin Li
Xianxin Chen
Li Jiang
author_facet Yilong Jiang
Xiaofei Yang
Yi Lei
Songlin Li
Xianxin Chen
Li Jiang
author_sort Yilong Jiang
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionThis study investigated the effects of feed fermented with Bacillus paralicheniformis LN33 on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune response, intestinal barrier function, and gut microbiota in Cherry Valley ducks.MethodsA total of 480 healthy 7-day-old Cherry Valley ducks (197.33 ± 5.90 g) were randomly divided into four groups. One group received a basal diet (control), while the other three received the basal diet supplemented with 1%, 3%, or 5% fermented feed for 28 days.ResultsDucks fed 3% fermented feed showed significantly higher final body weight (3,020.00 ± 52.20 g) and average daily gain (100.79 ± 1.73 g) than the control group (2,896.00 ± 120.93 g and 96.39 ± 4.23 g, respectively; P < 0.05). The feed-to-gain ratio decreased significantly (1.79 ± 0.03 vs. 1.87 ± 0.08; P < 0.05), with similar feed intake across groups. Antioxidant enzyme activity increased, while pro-inflammatory cytokine levels decreased. Expression of intestinal tight junction proteins and immune markers improved. The relative abundances of Faecalibacterium, Odoribacter, and Butyricicoccus increased significantly and were positively correlated with intestinal and immune function.DiscussionThese results suggest that B. paralicheniformis-fermented feed enhances growth performance and overall health in Cherry Valley ducks by boosting antioxidant defenses, modulating immune responses, and reshaping the gut microbiota.
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spelling doaj-art-34ed96fc6a0f4281a3254bdbb491fd7b2025-08-20T03:14:06ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692025-07-011210.3389/fvets.2025.16192871619287Bacillus paralicheniformis LN33 fermented feed improves growth performance in Cherry Valley ducks by enhancing immune function and intestinal barrier integrityYilong Jiang0Xiaofei Yang1Yi Lei2Songlin Li3Xianxin Chen4Li Jiang5Leshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, Sichuan, ChinaCollege of Life Science and Agri-Forestry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, ChinaLeshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, Sichuan, ChinaLeshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, Sichuan, ChinaLeshan Academy of Agriculture Science, Leshan, Sichuan, ChinaCollege of Life Science and Agri-Forestry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, ChinaIntroductionThis study investigated the effects of feed fermented with Bacillus paralicheniformis LN33 on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune response, intestinal barrier function, and gut microbiota in Cherry Valley ducks.MethodsA total of 480 healthy 7-day-old Cherry Valley ducks (197.33 ± 5.90 g) were randomly divided into four groups. One group received a basal diet (control), while the other three received the basal diet supplemented with 1%, 3%, or 5% fermented feed for 28 days.ResultsDucks fed 3% fermented feed showed significantly higher final body weight (3,020.00 ± 52.20 g) and average daily gain (100.79 ± 1.73 g) than the control group (2,896.00 ± 120.93 g and 96.39 ± 4.23 g, respectively; P < 0.05). The feed-to-gain ratio decreased significantly (1.79 ± 0.03 vs. 1.87 ± 0.08; P < 0.05), with similar feed intake across groups. Antioxidant enzyme activity increased, while pro-inflammatory cytokine levels decreased. Expression of intestinal tight junction proteins and immune markers improved. The relative abundances of Faecalibacterium, Odoribacter, and Butyricicoccus increased significantly and were positively correlated with intestinal and immune function.DiscussionThese results suggest that B. paralicheniformis-fermented feed enhances growth performance and overall health in Cherry Valley ducks by boosting antioxidant defenses, modulating immune responses, and reshaping the gut microbiota.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1619287/fullBacillus paralicheniformis LN33Cherry Valley ducksfermented feedgrowth performanceimmune functionintestinal barrier
spellingShingle Yilong Jiang
Xiaofei Yang
Yi Lei
Songlin Li
Xianxin Chen
Li Jiang
Bacillus paralicheniformis LN33 fermented feed improves growth performance in Cherry Valley ducks by enhancing immune function and intestinal barrier integrity
Frontiers in Veterinary Science
Bacillus paralicheniformis LN33
Cherry Valley ducks
fermented feed
growth performance
immune function
intestinal barrier
title Bacillus paralicheniformis LN33 fermented feed improves growth performance in Cherry Valley ducks by enhancing immune function and intestinal barrier integrity
title_full Bacillus paralicheniformis LN33 fermented feed improves growth performance in Cherry Valley ducks by enhancing immune function and intestinal barrier integrity
title_fullStr Bacillus paralicheniformis LN33 fermented feed improves growth performance in Cherry Valley ducks by enhancing immune function and intestinal barrier integrity
title_full_unstemmed Bacillus paralicheniformis LN33 fermented feed improves growth performance in Cherry Valley ducks by enhancing immune function and intestinal barrier integrity
title_short Bacillus paralicheniformis LN33 fermented feed improves growth performance in Cherry Valley ducks by enhancing immune function and intestinal barrier integrity
title_sort bacillus paralicheniformis ln33 fermented feed improves growth performance in cherry valley ducks by enhancing immune function and intestinal barrier integrity
topic Bacillus paralicheniformis LN33
Cherry Valley ducks
fermented feed
growth performance
immune function
intestinal barrier
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2025.1619287/full
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