Double layered expansion planning for virtual power plants considering virtual energy storage systems
Abstract With the widespread integration of renewable energy sources, power systems increasingly require enhanced flexibility and economic efficiency. To address the constraints imposed by high costs of conventional physical energy storage in virtual power plant planning, a bi-level expansion planni...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
SpringerOpen
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Energy Informatics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s42162-025-00560-2 |
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