Purpurogallin, a Natural Phenol, Attenuates High-Mobility Group Box 1 in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Induced Vasospasm in a Rat Model
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was shown to be an important extracellular mediator involved in vascular inflammation of animals following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This study is of interest to examine the efficacy of purpurogallin, a natural phenol, on the alternation of cytokines and HMGB1...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2014-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Vascular Medicine |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/254270 |
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| author | Chih-Zen Chang Chih-Lung Lin Shu-Chuan Wu Aij-Lie Kwan |
| author_facet | Chih-Zen Chang Chih-Lung Lin Shu-Chuan Wu Aij-Lie Kwan |
| author_sort | Chih-Zen Chang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was shown to be an important extracellular mediator involved in vascular inflammation of animals following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This study is of interest to examine the efficacy of purpurogallin, a natural phenol, on the alternation of cytokines and HMGB1 in a SAH model. A rodent double hemorrhage SAH model was employed. Basilar arteries (BAs) were harvested to examine HMGB1 mRNA and protein expression (Western blot). CSF samples were to examine IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α (rt-PCR). Deformed endothelial wall, tortuous elastic lamina, and necrotic smooth muscle were observed in the vessels of SAH groups but were absent in the purpurogallin group. IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the SAH only and SAH plus vehicle groups were significantly elevated (P<0.01). Purpurgallin dose-dependently reduced HMGB1 protein expression. Likewise, high dose purpurogallin reduced TNF-α and HMGB1 mRNA levels. In conclusion, purpurogallin exerts its neuroinflammation effect through the dual effect of inhibiting IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expression and reducing HMGB1 protein and mRNA expression. This study supports purpurogallin could attenuate both proinflammatory cytokines and late-onset inflammasome in SAH induced vasospasm. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-31681177aee24aeb86e1893c5a0f1c05 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-2824 2090-2832 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2014-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Vascular Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-31681177aee24aeb86e1893c5a0f1c052025-02-03T05:52:46ZengWileyInternational Journal of Vascular Medicine2090-28242090-28322014-01-01201410.1155/2014/254270254270Purpurogallin, a Natural Phenol, Attenuates High-Mobility Group Box 1 in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Induced Vasospasm in a Rat ModelChih-Zen Chang0Chih-Lung Lin1Shu-Chuan Wu2Aij-Lie Kwan3Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, TaiwanDepartment of Surgery, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, TaiwanDivision of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, TaiwanDepartment of Surgery, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, TaiwanHigh-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was shown to be an important extracellular mediator involved in vascular inflammation of animals following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This study is of interest to examine the efficacy of purpurogallin, a natural phenol, on the alternation of cytokines and HMGB1 in a SAH model. A rodent double hemorrhage SAH model was employed. Basilar arteries (BAs) were harvested to examine HMGB1 mRNA and protein expression (Western blot). CSF samples were to examine IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α (rt-PCR). Deformed endothelial wall, tortuous elastic lamina, and necrotic smooth muscle were observed in the vessels of SAH groups but were absent in the purpurogallin group. IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the SAH only and SAH plus vehicle groups were significantly elevated (P<0.01). Purpurgallin dose-dependently reduced HMGB1 protein expression. Likewise, high dose purpurogallin reduced TNF-α and HMGB1 mRNA levels. In conclusion, purpurogallin exerts its neuroinflammation effect through the dual effect of inhibiting IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expression and reducing HMGB1 protein and mRNA expression. This study supports purpurogallin could attenuate both proinflammatory cytokines and late-onset inflammasome in SAH induced vasospasm.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/254270 |
| spellingShingle | Chih-Zen Chang Chih-Lung Lin Shu-Chuan Wu Aij-Lie Kwan Purpurogallin, a Natural Phenol, Attenuates High-Mobility Group Box 1 in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Induced Vasospasm in a Rat Model International Journal of Vascular Medicine |
| title | Purpurogallin, a Natural Phenol, Attenuates High-Mobility Group Box 1 in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Induced Vasospasm in a Rat Model |
| title_full | Purpurogallin, a Natural Phenol, Attenuates High-Mobility Group Box 1 in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Induced Vasospasm in a Rat Model |
| title_fullStr | Purpurogallin, a Natural Phenol, Attenuates High-Mobility Group Box 1 in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Induced Vasospasm in a Rat Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Purpurogallin, a Natural Phenol, Attenuates High-Mobility Group Box 1 in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Induced Vasospasm in a Rat Model |
| title_short | Purpurogallin, a Natural Phenol, Attenuates High-Mobility Group Box 1 in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Induced Vasospasm in a Rat Model |
| title_sort | purpurogallin a natural phenol attenuates high mobility group box 1 in subarachnoid hemorrhage induced vasospasm in a rat model |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/254270 |
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