Taguchi Parametric Optimization of Theobroma Cocoa-Derived Magnetite Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Pegylation, and Magnetic Hyperthermia Potential
Magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) have shown excellent heating responses under magnetic excitation, making them ideal for hyperthermia applications. Using cocoa bean shell (CBS) extract as a bio-reducing and stabilizing agent, we implemented the Taguchi optimization method with an L9 orthogonal array....
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Iranian Environmental Mutagen Society
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Water and Environmental Nanotechnology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.jwent.net/article_718455_5cbbb28bbab5ad78fa23ced90a3eb2e5.pdf |
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| author | Mohamed Abdelsamea O. M. Lemine Emma Ziezie Ziezie Mohd Tarmizi Norazalina Saad Huey Fang Teh Ahmad Kamil Mohd Jaaffar Mohamed Ahmed Ibrahim Che Azurahanim Che Abdullah |
| author_facet | Mohamed Abdelsamea O. M. Lemine Emma Ziezie Ziezie Mohd Tarmizi Norazalina Saad Huey Fang Teh Ahmad Kamil Mohd Jaaffar Mohamed Ahmed Ibrahim Che Azurahanim Che Abdullah |
| author_sort | Mohamed Abdelsamea |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) have shown excellent heating responses under magnetic excitation, making them ideal for hyperthermia applications. Using cocoa bean shell (CBS) extract as a bio-reducing and stabilizing agent, we implemented the Taguchi optimization method with an L9 orthogonal array. The optimization focused on the particle size of MNPs and Pegylated-MNPs, which was measured using the dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique. Taguchi analysis revealed that pH is the most influential factor on the size of MNPs in green synthesis while stirring speed is the most significant factor for the size of Pegylated-MNPs during the Pegylation process. Furthermore, the optimized nanoparticles were analyzed using ZP, FT-IR, FE-SEM, and EDX analysis. The ideal sizes of MNPs and Pegylated-MNPs measured using DLS were 115 nm and 69 nm, respectively. Remarkably, at a concentration of 5 mg/mL, MNPs, and Pegylated-MNPs quickly dissipated heat, achieving maximum intrinsic loss powers (ILP) of 1.29 nHm²/kg and 0.694 nHm²/kg and specific absorption rates (SAR) of 135.17 W/g and 60.18 W/g. Hyperthermia temperatures were reached within approximately 7 and 10 minutes, with maximum temperatures of 50°C and 46°C. Our results strongly advocate for the potential of optimized biosynthesized MNPs and Pegylated-MNPs as highly effective options for magnetically triggered biomedical hyperthermia applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-305f126e47dc46eb8da320b850bc582a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2476-7204 2476-6615 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | Iranian Environmental Mutagen Society |
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| series | Journal of Water and Environmental Nanotechnology |
| spelling | doaj-art-305f126e47dc46eb8da320b850bc582a2025-01-12T09:34:37ZengIranian Environmental Mutagen SocietyJournal of Water and Environmental Nanotechnology2476-72042476-66152024-11-019442844810.22090/jwent.2024.04.05718455Taguchi Parametric Optimization of Theobroma Cocoa-Derived Magnetite Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Pegylation, and Magnetic Hyperthermia PotentialMohamed Abdelsamea0O. M. Lemine1Emma Ziezie Ziezie2Mohd Tarmizi3Norazalina Saad4Huey Fang Teh5Ahmad Kamil Mohd Jaaffar6Mohamed Ahmed Ibrahim7Che Azurahanim Che Abdullah8Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaMagnetic Materials Lab (MML), Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMISU), Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaCentre for Foundation Studies in Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, MalaysiaCentre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaLaboratory of Cancer Research UPM-MAKNA (CANRES), Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaSD Guthrie Technology Centre Sdn Bhd, Lebuh Silikon, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, MalaysiaLembaga Koko Malaysia, Tingkat, Wisma SEDCO, Lorong Plaza Wawasan, Beg Berkunci, Sabah, MalyasiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, EgyptDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaMagnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) have shown excellent heating responses under magnetic excitation, making them ideal for hyperthermia applications. Using cocoa bean shell (CBS) extract as a bio-reducing and stabilizing agent, we implemented the Taguchi optimization method with an L9 orthogonal array. The optimization focused on the particle size of MNPs and Pegylated-MNPs, which was measured using the dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique. Taguchi analysis revealed that pH is the most influential factor on the size of MNPs in green synthesis while stirring speed is the most significant factor for the size of Pegylated-MNPs during the Pegylation process. Furthermore, the optimized nanoparticles were analyzed using ZP, FT-IR, FE-SEM, and EDX analysis. The ideal sizes of MNPs and Pegylated-MNPs measured using DLS were 115 nm and 69 nm, respectively. Remarkably, at a concentration of 5 mg/mL, MNPs, and Pegylated-MNPs quickly dissipated heat, achieving maximum intrinsic loss powers (ILP) of 1.29 nHm²/kg and 0.694 nHm²/kg and specific absorption rates (SAR) of 135.17 W/g and 60.18 W/g. Hyperthermia temperatures were reached within approximately 7 and 10 minutes, with maximum temperatures of 50°C and 46°C. Our results strongly advocate for the potential of optimized biosynthesized MNPs and Pegylated-MNPs as highly effective options for magnetically triggered biomedical hyperthermia applications.https://www.jwent.net/article_718455_5cbbb28bbab5ad78fa23ced90a3eb2e5.pdfiron oxide nanoparticlesgreen synthesistaguchi optimizationpegmagnetic hyperthermia |
| spellingShingle | Mohamed Abdelsamea O. M. Lemine Emma Ziezie Ziezie Mohd Tarmizi Norazalina Saad Huey Fang Teh Ahmad Kamil Mohd Jaaffar Mohamed Ahmed Ibrahim Che Azurahanim Che Abdullah Taguchi Parametric Optimization of Theobroma Cocoa-Derived Magnetite Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Pegylation, and Magnetic Hyperthermia Potential Journal of Water and Environmental Nanotechnology iron oxide nanoparticles green synthesis taguchi optimization peg magnetic hyperthermia |
| title | Taguchi Parametric Optimization of Theobroma Cocoa-Derived Magnetite Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Pegylation, and Magnetic Hyperthermia Potential |
| title_full | Taguchi Parametric Optimization of Theobroma Cocoa-Derived Magnetite Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Pegylation, and Magnetic Hyperthermia Potential |
| title_fullStr | Taguchi Parametric Optimization of Theobroma Cocoa-Derived Magnetite Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Pegylation, and Magnetic Hyperthermia Potential |
| title_full_unstemmed | Taguchi Parametric Optimization of Theobroma Cocoa-Derived Magnetite Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Pegylation, and Magnetic Hyperthermia Potential |
| title_short | Taguchi Parametric Optimization of Theobroma Cocoa-Derived Magnetite Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Pegylation, and Magnetic Hyperthermia Potential |
| title_sort | taguchi parametric optimization of theobroma cocoa derived magnetite nanoparticles synthesis pegylation and magnetic hyperthermia potential |
| topic | iron oxide nanoparticles green synthesis taguchi optimization peg magnetic hyperthermia |
| url | https://www.jwent.net/article_718455_5cbbb28bbab5ad78fa23ced90a3eb2e5.pdf |
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