Natural and engineered extracellular vesicles in vascular diseases: a focus on therapeutic effects, challenges and prospective

Abstract Vascular diseases (VD), such as cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and diabetic diseases, originate from numerous pathophysiological changes and remain a serious public health concern. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced by cells contribute to regulating VD either dangerou...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Mahdi Ahmadi, Reza Abbasi, Rana Keyhanmanesh, Razieh Momen Mesgin, Nima Abdyazdani, Maryam Shoaran, Jafar Rezaie
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:European Journal of Medical Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-025-02822-x
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