Fault Tolerance and Fallback Strategies in Connected and Automated Vehicles: A Review
Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) are considered the future of transportation, offering increased safety, efficiency, and convenience. However, their reliance on sophisticated sensors and complex algorithms poses challenges, especially in scenarios with uncertainties, constraints, or failures....
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2025-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11054273/ |
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| _version_ | 1849714694038749184 |
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| author | Mario Rodriguez-Arozamena Jose Matute Javier Araluce Joshue Perez Rastelli Asier Zubizarreta |
| author_facet | Mario Rodriguez-Arozamena Jose Matute Javier Araluce Joshue Perez Rastelli Asier Zubizarreta |
| author_sort | Mario Rodriguez-Arozamena |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Connected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) are considered the future of transportation, offering increased safety, efficiency, and convenience. However, their reliance on sophisticated sensors and complex algorithms poses challenges, especially in scenarios with uncertainties, constraints, or failures. Dynamic Driving Task (DDT) fallback and fault tolerance strategies serve as critical mechanisms to ensure safe operation when primary systems fail or face functional insufficiencies. This paper provides an analysis of the fault-related taxonomy established by international standards and a comprehensive review of the DDT fallback and fault tolerance strategies used in CAVs, focusing on their strategy, classification, and implementation methods. Moreover, the challenges and future research directions for the development and improvement of fault tolerance strategies are discussed. The analysis shows that the main trends are to avoid the termination of the CAV operation in case of a failure or functional insufficiency, or at least to be able to guide the vehicle to a safe state. However, there is a tendency towards the possibility of continuing the operation. This review contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of DDT fallback and fault tolerance strategies for CAVs and future trends. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2f2469fa1bad4ae3868d07b806c3d3f4 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2687-7813 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems |
| spelling | doaj-art-2f2469fa1bad4ae3868d07b806c3d3f42025-08-20T03:13:37ZengIEEEIEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems2687-78132025-01-01691593710.1109/OJITS.2025.358378711054273Fault Tolerance and Fallback Strategies in Connected and Automated Vehicles: A ReviewMario Rodriguez-Arozamena0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5294-0406Jose Matute1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2754-7623Javier Araluce2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5101-0485Joshue Perez Rastelli3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0974-5303Asier Zubizarreta4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6049-2308TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, SpainVirginia Tech Transportation Institute, 3500 Transportation Research Plaza, Blacksburg, VA, USATECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, SpainCEIT-Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Manuel Lardizabal 15, Donostia-San Sebastian, SpainDepartment of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Bilbao, SpainConnected and Automated Vehicles (CAVs) are considered the future of transportation, offering increased safety, efficiency, and convenience. However, their reliance on sophisticated sensors and complex algorithms poses challenges, especially in scenarios with uncertainties, constraints, or failures. Dynamic Driving Task (DDT) fallback and fault tolerance strategies serve as critical mechanisms to ensure safe operation when primary systems fail or face functional insufficiencies. This paper provides an analysis of the fault-related taxonomy established by international standards and a comprehensive review of the DDT fallback and fault tolerance strategies used in CAVs, focusing on their strategy, classification, and implementation methods. Moreover, the challenges and future research directions for the development and improvement of fault tolerance strategies are discussed. The analysis shows that the main trends are to avoid the termination of the CAV operation in case of a failure or functional insufficiency, or at least to be able to guide the vehicle to a safe state. However, there is a tendency towards the possibility of continuing the operation. This review contributes to a deeper understanding of the role of DDT fallback and fault tolerance strategies for CAVs and future trends.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11054273/Connected and automated vehiclesfallbackfault tolerancefunctional insufficiency |
| spellingShingle | Mario Rodriguez-Arozamena Jose Matute Javier Araluce Joshue Perez Rastelli Asier Zubizarreta Fault Tolerance and Fallback Strategies in Connected and Automated Vehicles: A Review IEEE Open Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems Connected and automated vehicles fallback fault tolerance functional insufficiency |
| title | Fault Tolerance and Fallback Strategies in Connected and Automated Vehicles: A Review |
| title_full | Fault Tolerance and Fallback Strategies in Connected and Automated Vehicles: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Fault Tolerance and Fallback Strategies in Connected and Automated Vehicles: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fault Tolerance and Fallback Strategies in Connected and Automated Vehicles: A Review |
| title_short | Fault Tolerance and Fallback Strategies in Connected and Automated Vehicles: A Review |
| title_sort | fault tolerance and fallback strategies in connected and automated vehicles a review |
| topic | Connected and automated vehicles fallback fault tolerance functional insufficiency |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/11054273/ |
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