Polyvinyl alcohol films incorporating cellulose nanocrystals, chitosan, and mesoporous silica nanoparticles for enhanced stability and controlled release of beet extracts

Despite advancements in polymer-based sustainable materials, developing food packaging that balances mechanical strength, flexibility, antioxidant activity, solubility, and antibacterial efficacy remains challenging. This study examines the effects of chitosan (CH), mesoporous silica nanoparticles (...

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Main Authors: Solmaz Pourbarghi Soufiani, Shima Yousefi, Masoud Honarvar, Weria Weisany, Gholamhassan Asadi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666893925000799
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author Solmaz Pourbarghi Soufiani
Shima Yousefi
Masoud Honarvar
Weria Weisany
Gholamhassan Asadi
author_facet Solmaz Pourbarghi Soufiani
Shima Yousefi
Masoud Honarvar
Weria Weisany
Gholamhassan Asadi
author_sort Solmaz Pourbarghi Soufiani
collection DOAJ
description Despite advancements in polymer-based sustainable materials, developing food packaging that balances mechanical strength, flexibility, antioxidant activity, solubility, and antibacterial efficacy remains challenging. This study examines the effects of chitosan (CH), mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs), cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), and beet extract (BE) on biodegradable films. LC-MS analysis identified Pirola beet extract as the richest source of antioxidants, particularly 7-hydroxymatairesinol (20.56 %) and apigenin derivatives (15.07 %). Films containing 2 % CH, 2 % MSNPs, 1 % CNC, and 15 % BE exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (52.97 µmol) and improved solubility (4.20 g m⁻²). Water vapor permeability remained stable (1.07–1.14 g mm m⁻² day kPa), while tensile strength peaked at 36.20 MPa in films with 2 % CH, 0 % MSNPs, and 0.5 % CNC. Elastic modulus reached 1.33 MPa, and elongation improved with CNC, achieving 55.96 % in films with 1 % CNC and 10 % BE. The strongest antibacterial efficacy was observed in films with 2 % CH, 2 % MSNPs, 1 % CNC, and 15 % BE, significantly inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes. These findings highlight the potential of these films to enhance food preservation, extend shelf life, and reduce environmental impact, underscoring the need to optimize component concentrations for multifunctional, sustainable packaging solutions.
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spelling doaj-art-2e1b35942bb742c5958408057da2c0b22025-08-20T02:06:20ZengElsevierCarbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications2666-89392025-06-011010074010.1016/j.carpta.2025.100740Polyvinyl alcohol films incorporating cellulose nanocrystals, chitosan, and mesoporous silica nanoparticles for enhanced stability and controlled release of beet extractsSolmaz Pourbarghi Soufiani0Shima Yousefi1Masoud Honarvar2Weria Weisany3Gholamhassan Asadi4Department of Food Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranDepartment of Food Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Corresponding authors.Department of Food Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Corresponding authors.Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranDepartment of Food Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranDespite advancements in polymer-based sustainable materials, developing food packaging that balances mechanical strength, flexibility, antioxidant activity, solubility, and antibacterial efficacy remains challenging. This study examines the effects of chitosan (CH), mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs), cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), and beet extract (BE) on biodegradable films. LC-MS analysis identified Pirola beet extract as the richest source of antioxidants, particularly 7-hydroxymatairesinol (20.56 %) and apigenin derivatives (15.07 %). Films containing 2 % CH, 2 % MSNPs, 1 % CNC, and 15 % BE exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (52.97 µmol) and improved solubility (4.20 g m⁻²). Water vapor permeability remained stable (1.07–1.14 g mm m⁻² day kPa), while tensile strength peaked at 36.20 MPa in films with 2 % CH, 0 % MSNPs, and 0.5 % CNC. Elastic modulus reached 1.33 MPa, and elongation improved with CNC, achieving 55.96 % in films with 1 % CNC and 10 % BE. The strongest antibacterial efficacy was observed in films with 2 % CH, 2 % MSNPs, 1 % CNC, and 15 % BE, significantly inhibiting Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes. These findings highlight the potential of these films to enhance food preservation, extend shelf life, and reduce environmental impact, underscoring the need to optimize component concentrations for multifunctional, sustainable packaging solutions.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666893925000799Antioxidant activityFood packagingMechanical properties, Food preservationNanocomposites
spellingShingle Solmaz Pourbarghi Soufiani
Shima Yousefi
Masoud Honarvar
Weria Weisany
Gholamhassan Asadi
Polyvinyl alcohol films incorporating cellulose nanocrystals, chitosan, and mesoporous silica nanoparticles for enhanced stability and controlled release of beet extracts
Carbohydrate Polymer Technologies and Applications
Antioxidant activity
Food packaging
Mechanical properties, Food preservation
Nanocomposites
title Polyvinyl alcohol films incorporating cellulose nanocrystals, chitosan, and mesoporous silica nanoparticles for enhanced stability and controlled release of beet extracts
title_full Polyvinyl alcohol films incorporating cellulose nanocrystals, chitosan, and mesoporous silica nanoparticles for enhanced stability and controlled release of beet extracts
title_fullStr Polyvinyl alcohol films incorporating cellulose nanocrystals, chitosan, and mesoporous silica nanoparticles for enhanced stability and controlled release of beet extracts
title_full_unstemmed Polyvinyl alcohol films incorporating cellulose nanocrystals, chitosan, and mesoporous silica nanoparticles for enhanced stability and controlled release of beet extracts
title_short Polyvinyl alcohol films incorporating cellulose nanocrystals, chitosan, and mesoporous silica nanoparticles for enhanced stability and controlled release of beet extracts
title_sort polyvinyl alcohol films incorporating cellulose nanocrystals chitosan and mesoporous silica nanoparticles for enhanced stability and controlled release of beet extracts
topic Antioxidant activity
Food packaging
Mechanical properties, Food preservation
Nanocomposites
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666893925000799
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