Hepatocellular carcinoma escapes immune surveillance through deceiving thymus into recalling peripheral activated CD8+ T cells

The role of thymic epithelial cells (TECs) in eliminating self-reactive T cells through the presentation of self-antigens is well-established. However, it remains unclear whether TECs can eliminate tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells by presenting tumor antigens. In this study, we observed that CD73+ Granzy...

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Main Authors: Qiaoting Hu, Xuefeng Wang, Yundan You, Jun Liu, Bin Lan, Fangfang Chen, Hong Wen, Haili Cheng, Weibin Zhuo, Ting Xu, Jingxian Zheng, Yuchuan Jiang, Xiaojie Wang, Jing Lin, Zengqing Guo, Sha Huang, Gang Chen, Yu Chen, Jingfeng Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Neoplasia: An International Journal for Oncology Research
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1476558625000909
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author Qiaoting Hu
Xuefeng Wang
Yundan You
Jun Liu
Bin Lan
Fangfang Chen
Hong Wen
Haili Cheng
Weibin Zhuo
Ting Xu
Jingxian Zheng
Yuchuan Jiang
Xiaojie Wang
Jing Lin
Zengqing Guo
Sha Huang
Gang Chen
Yu Chen
Jingfeng Liu
author_facet Qiaoting Hu
Xuefeng Wang
Yundan You
Jun Liu
Bin Lan
Fangfang Chen
Hong Wen
Haili Cheng
Weibin Zhuo
Ting Xu
Jingxian Zheng
Yuchuan Jiang
Xiaojie Wang
Jing Lin
Zengqing Guo
Sha Huang
Gang Chen
Yu Chen
Jingfeng Liu
author_sort Qiaoting Hu
collection DOAJ
description The role of thymic epithelial cells (TECs) in eliminating self-reactive T cells through the presentation of self-antigens is well-established. However, it remains unclear whether TECs can eliminate tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells by presenting tumor antigens. In this study, we observed that CD73+ Granzyme B+ peripheral activated CD8+ T cells undergo apoptosis in the medullary region of the thymus in DEN-CCL4-induced spontaneous HCC mice, but not in the naïve control group. Mechanistically, HCC cells manipulate the thymus to recruit peripheral activated CD8+ T cells through the CCL19/CCL21-CCR7 axis. Additionally, TECs capture antigens from HCC cells for subsequent antigen presentation instead of de novo expressing tumor antigens. When tumor-associated CD8+ T cells homing to the thymus recognize the same tumor antigen presented by TECs, activation-induced cell death (AICD) is initiated in these T cells. Thymectomy redistributes CD8+ T cells into the tumor focus to suppress HCC growth. Alternatively, both inhibiting CCL19/CCL21 expression of thymic cells using an AMPK activator and blocking CCR7 on CD8+ T cells binding with ligands using Cmp2105 significantly reduces tumor-educated thymus dependent immune evasion. Our findings collectively demonstrate that HCC manipulates the thymus to trigger immune escape; pharmacologically targeting CCL19/CCL21-CCR7 axis to inhibit thymus homing can increase CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment.
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issn 1476-5586
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publishDate 2025-09-01
publisher Elsevier
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series Neoplasia: An International Journal for Oncology Research
spelling doaj-art-2dd18cc477d843d2ad9c9bef69d1f0272025-08-20T02:45:14ZengElsevierNeoplasia: An International Journal for Oncology Research1476-55862025-09-016710121010.1016/j.neo.2025.101210Hepatocellular carcinoma escapes immune surveillance through deceiving thymus into recalling peripheral activated CD8+ T cellsQiaoting Hu0Xuefeng Wang1Yundan You2Jun Liu3Bin Lan4Fangfang Chen5Hong Wen6Haili Cheng7Weibin Zhuo8Ting Xu9Jingxian Zheng10Yuchuan Jiang11Xiaojie Wang12Jing Lin13Zengqing Guo14Sha Huang15Gang Chen16Yu Chen17Jingfeng Liu18Depatment of medical oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital (Fujian Branch of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center), Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China; Innovation center for cancer research, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR ChinaDepatment of medical oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital (Fujian Branch of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center), Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China; Innovation center for cancer research, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China; Interdisciplinary institute for medical engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China; Corresponding authors.Depatment of intensive care unit, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR ChinaDepatment of medical oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital (Fujian Branch of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center), Fuzhou, Fujian, PR ChinaDepatment of medical oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital (Fujian Branch of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center), Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China; Innovation center for cancer research, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR ChinaDepatment of pathology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR ChinaDepatment of pathology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR ChinaDepatment of pathology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR ChinaInnovation center for cancer research, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China; Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR ChinaDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR ChinaDepatment of medical oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital (Fujian Branch of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center), Fuzhou, Fujian, PR ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR ChinaDepatment of medical oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital (Fujian Branch of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center), Fuzhou, Fujian, PR ChinaDepatment of medical oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital (Fujian Branch of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center), Fuzhou, Fujian, PR ChinaDepatment of medical oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital (Fujian Branch of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center), Fuzhou, Fujian, PR ChinaDepatment of medical oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital (Fujian Branch of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center), Fuzhou, Fujian, PR ChinaDepatment of pathology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China; Corresponding authors.Depatment of medical oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital (Fujian Branch of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center), Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China; Interdisciplinary institute for medical engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China; Corresponding authors.Depatment of medical oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital (Fujian Branch of Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center), Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China; Interdisciplinary institute for medical engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China; Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China; Corresponding authors.The role of thymic epithelial cells (TECs) in eliminating self-reactive T cells through the presentation of self-antigens is well-established. However, it remains unclear whether TECs can eliminate tumor-reactive CD8+ T cells by presenting tumor antigens. In this study, we observed that CD73+ Granzyme B+ peripheral activated CD8+ T cells undergo apoptosis in the medullary region of the thymus in DEN-CCL4-induced spontaneous HCC mice, but not in the naïve control group. Mechanistically, HCC cells manipulate the thymus to recruit peripheral activated CD8+ T cells through the CCL19/CCL21-CCR7 axis. Additionally, TECs capture antigens from HCC cells for subsequent antigen presentation instead of de novo expressing tumor antigens. When tumor-associated CD8+ T cells homing to the thymus recognize the same tumor antigen presented by TECs, activation-induced cell death (AICD) is initiated in these T cells. Thymectomy redistributes CD8+ T cells into the tumor focus to suppress HCC growth. Alternatively, both inhibiting CCL19/CCL21 expression of thymic cells using an AMPK activator and blocking CCR7 on CD8+ T cells binding with ligands using Cmp2105 significantly reduces tumor-educated thymus dependent immune evasion. Our findings collectively demonstrate that HCC manipulates the thymus to trigger immune escape; pharmacologically targeting CCL19/CCL21-CCR7 axis to inhibit thymus homing can increase CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1476558625000909HCCCD8+ T cellsCCR7Thymic epithelial cellsActivation-induced cell death (AICD)
spellingShingle Qiaoting Hu
Xuefeng Wang
Yundan You
Jun Liu
Bin Lan
Fangfang Chen
Hong Wen
Haili Cheng
Weibin Zhuo
Ting Xu
Jingxian Zheng
Yuchuan Jiang
Xiaojie Wang
Jing Lin
Zengqing Guo
Sha Huang
Gang Chen
Yu Chen
Jingfeng Liu
Hepatocellular carcinoma escapes immune surveillance through deceiving thymus into recalling peripheral activated CD8+ T cells
Neoplasia: An International Journal for Oncology Research
HCC
CD8+ T cells
CCR7
Thymic epithelial cells
Activation-induced cell death (AICD)
title Hepatocellular carcinoma escapes immune surveillance through deceiving thymus into recalling peripheral activated CD8+ T cells
title_full Hepatocellular carcinoma escapes immune surveillance through deceiving thymus into recalling peripheral activated CD8+ T cells
title_fullStr Hepatocellular carcinoma escapes immune surveillance through deceiving thymus into recalling peripheral activated CD8+ T cells
title_full_unstemmed Hepatocellular carcinoma escapes immune surveillance through deceiving thymus into recalling peripheral activated CD8+ T cells
title_short Hepatocellular carcinoma escapes immune surveillance through deceiving thymus into recalling peripheral activated CD8+ T cells
title_sort hepatocellular carcinoma escapes immune surveillance through deceiving thymus into recalling peripheral activated cd8 t cells
topic HCC
CD8+ T cells
CCR7
Thymic epithelial cells
Activation-induced cell death (AICD)
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1476558625000909
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