Review for High Frequency Propagation Wave Through the Ionosphere Based on IRI Model Using Ray-Tracing Technique

The ionosphere's condition affects how HF radio waves propagate, which changes over time of day, season, and Solar activity conditions. These waves, when propagating through ions, are affected by several factors, including refraction, reflection, and absorption. To reduce these effects, ray tra...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Fatima Hikmat Ali, A.J. Stocker, Hasanain Abbas Hasan Al-Behadili, Nsaif Jasim Hadi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: University of Misan College of Engineering 2025-06-01
Series:Misan Journal of Engineering Sciences
Online Access:https://uomisan.edu.iq/eng/mjes/index.php/eng/article/view/132
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