Experimental Study of the Air Demand of a Spillway Tunnel with Multiple Air Vents

Accurate prediction of air demand in free-surface flows through high-head spillway tunnels with multiple vents represents a critical design challenge. Existing empirical formulas for estimating air demand, derived from studies of single vents using experimental and prototype data, are not directly a...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Hao Yang, Qiang Fan, Zhong Tian, Wei Wang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/11/5831
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