The environmental costs of mitigating energy poverty: Evidence from heavy metal contamination in BRICS urban rivers

The environmental costs of mitigating energy poverty: Evidence from heavy metal contamination in BRICS urban rivers

This study investigates the degree of heavy metal contamination, ecological risks, and their socioeconomic linkages with energy poverty in urban river sediments across BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa). Through a comprehensive application of pollution indices, ecologic...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zuoming Zhang, Chao Wang, Yang Yi, Nannan Zhang, Dongyu Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Ecological Indicators
Subjects:
Energy poverty
Ecological risk
BRICS countries
Heavy metal contamination
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X25008465
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