Modulatory effects of Kratom extract on the gut microbiota of rats: implications for health

Abstract Background Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa), a plant native to Southeast Asia, is commonly used as a supplement for fatigue, pain relief, mood enhancement, and euphoria. Kratom extract exhibits diverse pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and gastrointestinal eff...

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Main Authors: Nattaya Thongsepee, Sumet Amonyingcharoen, Pholasit Chamod, Wanwisa Himakhun, Kant Sangpairoj, Pongsakorn Martviset, Pathanin Chantree, Phornphan Sornchuer
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-02-01
Series:BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-025-04836-8
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author Nattaya Thongsepee
Sumet Amonyingcharoen
Pholasit Chamod
Wanwisa Himakhun
Kant Sangpairoj
Pongsakorn Martviset
Pathanin Chantree
Phornphan Sornchuer
author_facet Nattaya Thongsepee
Sumet Amonyingcharoen
Pholasit Chamod
Wanwisa Himakhun
Kant Sangpairoj
Pongsakorn Martviset
Pathanin Chantree
Phornphan Sornchuer
author_sort Nattaya Thongsepee
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa), a plant native to Southeast Asia, is commonly used as a supplement for fatigue, pain relief, mood enhancement, and euphoria. Kratom extract exhibits diverse pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and gastrointestinal effects, with studies showing its ability to modulate gut microbiota and stimulate beneficial bacteria growth. Given these properties, kratom treatment may produce significant effects in a rat model, warranting further investigation. Methods Male Wistar rats were administered kratom extract orally on a daily basis for 28 days. Fresh fecal samples were collected and analyzed for changes in gut microbiome composition using 16S rRNA sequencing. Hematological parameters and lipid profiles were also measured to evaluate any systemic effects. Results The administration of kratom extract did not significantly affect hematological parameters or lipid profiles. However, notable changes were observed in gut microbiota composition, with significant increases in specific bacteria such as Candidatus Stoquefichus and Prevotellaceae UCG-001, and a decrease in Corynebacterium. LEfSe and cladogram analyses corroborated the higher prevalence of Candidatus Stoquefichus, Prevotellaceae UCG-001, and Erysipelatoclostridiaceae in the kratom treatment group compared to controls. Conclusions Kratom extract significantly alters gut microbiome composition in rats, promoting beneficial bacteria while also elevating certain taxa associated with negative health outcomes. These mixed effects highlight the need for further research on the long-term implications of kratom use for gut health and its broader health consequences, as well as potential therapeutic applications. Clinical trial number Not applicable.
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spelling doaj-art-2cd1918a9d474d86a4650cb973ce38692025-08-20T02:16:48ZengBMCBMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies2662-76712025-02-0125111510.1186/s12906-025-04836-8Modulatory effects of Kratom extract on the gut microbiota of rats: implications for healthNattaya Thongsepee0Sumet Amonyingcharoen1Pholasit Chamod2Wanwisa Himakhun3Kant Sangpairoj4Pongsakorn Martviset5Pathanin Chantree6Phornphan Sornchuer7Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat UniversityMedical Life Sciences Institute, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public HealthDepartment of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat UniversityDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat UniversityDepartment of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat UniversityDepartment of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat UniversityDepartment of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat UniversityDepartment of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat UniversityAbstract Background Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa), a plant native to Southeast Asia, is commonly used as a supplement for fatigue, pain relief, mood enhancement, and euphoria. Kratom extract exhibits diverse pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and gastrointestinal effects, with studies showing its ability to modulate gut microbiota and stimulate beneficial bacteria growth. Given these properties, kratom treatment may produce significant effects in a rat model, warranting further investigation. Methods Male Wistar rats were administered kratom extract orally on a daily basis for 28 days. Fresh fecal samples were collected and analyzed for changes in gut microbiome composition using 16S rRNA sequencing. Hematological parameters and lipid profiles were also measured to evaluate any systemic effects. Results The administration of kratom extract did not significantly affect hematological parameters or lipid profiles. However, notable changes were observed in gut microbiota composition, with significant increases in specific bacteria such as Candidatus Stoquefichus and Prevotellaceae UCG-001, and a decrease in Corynebacterium. LEfSe and cladogram analyses corroborated the higher prevalence of Candidatus Stoquefichus, Prevotellaceae UCG-001, and Erysipelatoclostridiaceae in the kratom treatment group compared to controls. Conclusions Kratom extract significantly alters gut microbiome composition in rats, promoting beneficial bacteria while also elevating certain taxa associated with negative health outcomes. These mixed effects highlight the need for further research on the long-term implications of kratom use for gut health and its broader health consequences, as well as potential therapeutic applications. Clinical trial number Not applicable.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-025-04836-8Kratom extractMitragyna speciosaGut microbiotaMicrobial community analysis
spellingShingle Nattaya Thongsepee
Sumet Amonyingcharoen
Pholasit Chamod
Wanwisa Himakhun
Kant Sangpairoj
Pongsakorn Martviset
Pathanin Chantree
Phornphan Sornchuer
Modulatory effects of Kratom extract on the gut microbiota of rats: implications for health
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
Kratom extract
Mitragyna speciosa
Gut microbiota
Microbial community analysis
title Modulatory effects of Kratom extract on the gut microbiota of rats: implications for health
title_full Modulatory effects of Kratom extract on the gut microbiota of rats: implications for health
title_fullStr Modulatory effects of Kratom extract on the gut microbiota of rats: implications for health
title_full_unstemmed Modulatory effects of Kratom extract on the gut microbiota of rats: implications for health
title_short Modulatory effects of Kratom extract on the gut microbiota of rats: implications for health
title_sort modulatory effects of kratom extract on the gut microbiota of rats implications for health
topic Kratom extract
Mitragyna speciosa
Gut microbiota
Microbial community analysis
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-025-04836-8
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