Two-Party Quantum Private Comparison Protocol for Direct Secret Comparison
In this paper, we leverage the properties of the swap test to evaluate the similarity of two qubits and propose a two-party quantum private comparison (QPC) protocol involving a semi-trusted third party (TP). The TP facilitates the comparison between participants without accessing their private info...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Mathematics |
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| author | Min Hou Yue Wu |
| author_facet | Min Hou Yue Wu |
| author_sort | Min Hou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this paper, we leverage the properties of the swap test to evaluate the similarity of two qubits and propose a two-party quantum private comparison (QPC) protocol involving a semi-trusted third party (TP). The TP facilitates the comparison between participants without accessing their private information, other than the final comparison results. Our protocol encodes participants’ secret integers directly into the amplitudes of single-photon states and introduces a novel method for secret-to-secret comparison rather than the traditional bit-to-bit comparison, resulting in improved scalability. To ensure security, the encoded single-photon states are concealed using rotation operations. The comparison results are derived through the implementation of the swap test. A simulation on the IBM Quantum Platform demonstrates the protocol’s feasibility, and a security analysis confirms its robustness against potential eavesdropping and participant attacks. Compared with existing QPC protocols that employ bit-to-bit comparison methods, our approach offers improved practicality and scalability. Specifically, it integrates single-photon states, rotation operations, and the swap test as key components for direct secret comparison, facilitating easier implementation with quantum technology. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-2c6884b2b8c943909a06afdbde59074e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2227-7390 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mathematics |
| spelling | doaj-art-2c6884b2b8c943909a06afdbde59074e2025-01-24T13:40:11ZengMDPI AGMathematics2227-73902025-01-0113232610.3390/math13020326Two-Party Quantum Private Comparison Protocol for Direct Secret ComparisonMin Hou0Yue Wu1School of Computer Science, Sichuan University Jinjiang College, Meishan 620860, ChinaSchool of Computer Science, Sichuan University Jinjiang College, Meishan 620860, ChinaIn this paper, we leverage the properties of the swap test to evaluate the similarity of two qubits and propose a two-party quantum private comparison (QPC) protocol involving a semi-trusted third party (TP). The TP facilitates the comparison between participants without accessing their private information, other than the final comparison results. Our protocol encodes participants’ secret integers directly into the amplitudes of single-photon states and introduces a novel method for secret-to-secret comparison rather than the traditional bit-to-bit comparison, resulting in improved scalability. To ensure security, the encoded single-photon states are concealed using rotation operations. The comparison results are derived through the implementation of the swap test. A simulation on the IBM Quantum Platform demonstrates the protocol’s feasibility, and a security analysis confirms its robustness against potential eavesdropping and participant attacks. Compared with existing QPC protocols that employ bit-to-bit comparison methods, our approach offers improved practicality and scalability. Specifically, it integrates single-photon states, rotation operations, and the swap test as key components for direct secret comparison, facilitating easier implementation with quantum technology.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/2/326quantum private comparison (QPC)single photonssemi-trusted third party (TP)swap testrotation operationdirect secret comparison |
| spellingShingle | Min Hou Yue Wu Two-Party Quantum Private Comparison Protocol for Direct Secret Comparison Mathematics quantum private comparison (QPC) single photons semi-trusted third party (TP) swap test rotation operation direct secret comparison |
| title | Two-Party Quantum Private Comparison Protocol for Direct Secret Comparison |
| title_full | Two-Party Quantum Private Comparison Protocol for Direct Secret Comparison |
| title_fullStr | Two-Party Quantum Private Comparison Protocol for Direct Secret Comparison |
| title_full_unstemmed | Two-Party Quantum Private Comparison Protocol for Direct Secret Comparison |
| title_short | Two-Party Quantum Private Comparison Protocol for Direct Secret Comparison |
| title_sort | two party quantum private comparison protocol for direct secret comparison |
| topic | quantum private comparison (QPC) single photons semi-trusted third party (TP) swap test rotation operation direct secret comparison |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/2/326 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT minhou twopartyquantumprivatecomparisonprotocolfordirectsecretcomparison AT yuewu twopartyquantumprivatecomparisonprotocolfordirectsecretcomparison |