Neutrosophic set-based defect detection method for CSP LED images

Chip scale package (CSP) light-emitting diode (LED) is miniaturized light-emitting diodes designed for automated chip-level packaging. Defect detection is particularly challenging due to the high density and small size of CSP LED beads on a strip. This paper presents a neutrosophic set-based defect...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: En Fan, Junqi Gong, Zhenxin Wu, Qinlong Lv, Changxing Fan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Physics
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2025.1613119/full
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