A Review of Carbon Pricing Mechanisms and Risk Management for Raw Materials in Low-Carbon Energy Systems

The global shift to low-carbon energy systems has significantly increased demand for critical raw materials like lithium, cobalt, nickel, rare earth elements, and copper. These materials are essential for renewable technologies and energy storage. However, their extraction and processing produce sig...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Hongbo Sun, Xinting Zhang, Cuicui Luo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/18/13/3401
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