A single-cell transcriptomic atlas of immune cells in Wilson disease identifies copper-specific immune regulation

Summary: Wilson disease (WD) is caused by mutations of the copper-transporting gene, ATP7B, leading to abnormal copper metabolism. A better characterization of WD is essential in understanding the effects of excess copper and how it disrupts immune regulation and hematopoietic development. Furthermo...

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Main Authors: Shuya Wang, Xianlei Sun, Qingxuan Xin, Jianxiang Shi, Jin Li, Huilin Zhang, Mengjiao Xue, Fanxiang Yin, Zan Qiu, Xiaoqian Wang, Nannan Sun, Yingmei Li, Yaoyao Chen, Liyan Fu, Chaoqi Li, Shaohua Yan, Xian Zhao, Bolin Jue, Yanxia Gao, Baohong Yue, Bo Qin, Yong Jiang, Rongqun Guo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-05-01
Series:iScience
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004225007114
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Summary:Summary: Wilson disease (WD) is caused by mutations of the copper-transporting gene, ATP7B, leading to abnormal copper metabolism. A better characterization of WD is essential in understanding the effects of excess copper and how it disrupts immune regulation and hematopoietic development. Furthermore, the exploration of the relationship between copper-mediated proliferation or cuproptosis and immune regulation is critical for developing new immune therapies. Therefore, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to develop an atlas of the immune landscape. Cells were clustered into several immune subsets, and cuproptosis-associated genes were assessed. Differential expression analysis was performed to identify WD-specific signatures by comparing transcriptome profiles of patients with WD with HDs. Excess copper impaired immune homeostasis and hematopoietic development. Then, we developed a map of the immune landscape of patients with WD. Excess copper is involved in the metabolic reprogramming of immune cells, such as glycolysis in CD14+ monocytes. We found that the antigen processing-related pathway is dysregulated in immune cells of patients with WD. Our study revealed that abnormal copper concentration influences the expression of HLA-I and HLA-II molecules. It is noteworthy that a high concentration of intracellular copper differs significantly from the high concentration of extracellular copper. We have also identified a gene set of neurologic abnormalities, which were dysregulated in PBMCs of patients with WD. We also observed abnormal expression of cuproptosis-associated genes in proliferating or malignant cells, providing new insights into the application of cuproptosis in cancer treatment.
ISSN:2589-0042