Brazil Nut Semi-Defatted Flour Oil: Impact of Extraction Using Pressurized Solvents on Lipid Profile, Bioactive Compounds Composition, and Oxidative Stability

Brazilian nuts are native to the Amazon rainforest and are considered a non-timber forest-product of extreme economic importance to local populations. This study evaluated the lipid profile, bioactive compounds, and oxidative stability of semi-defatted Brazilian nut flour oil (BNSDFO) obtained using...

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Main Authors: Karen Keli Barbosa Abrantes, Tatiana Colombo Pimentel, Camila da Silva, Oscar de Oliveira Santos Junior, Carlos Eduardo Barão, Lucio Cardozo-Filho
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-09-01
Series:Plants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/19/2678
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Summary:Brazilian nuts are native to the Amazon rainforest and are considered a non-timber forest-product of extreme economic importance to local populations. This study evaluated the lipid profile, bioactive compounds, and oxidative stability of semi-defatted Brazilian nut flour oil (BNSDFO) obtained using pressurized fluids (<i>n</i>-propane at 40 °C and 2, 4, and 8 MPa or a CO<sub>2</sub>/<i>n</i>-propane mixture at 40 °C and 12 MPa). A Brazilian nut kernel oil (BNKO) processed by conventional cold pressing was also obtained. The BNKO showed a higher concentration of total phenolic compounds and saturated fatty acids, higher antioxidant activity, and the presence of gallic acid derivatives. The oils extracted using pressurized fluids showed a higher concentration of linoleic acid, β-sitosterol, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. The utilization of pressurized <i>n</i>-propane resulted in higher yields (13.7 wt%), and at intermediate pressures (4 MPa), the product showed myricetin 3-<i>O</i>-rhamnoside and higher oxidative stability (OSI, 12 h) than at lower pressures (2 MPa). The CO<sub>2</sub>/n-propane mixture of pressurized solvents resulted in higher concentrations of squalene (4.5 times), the presence of different phenolic compounds, and a high OSI (12 h) but lower yield (2.2 wt%). In conclusion, oils with better fatty acid profiles (oleic e linoleic acids), phytosterol composition, and suitable radical scavenging activity may be obtained using pressurized fluids and Brazilian nut flour, a byproduct of oil extraction. The mixture of solvents may improve the concentration of squalene, whereas using only <i>n</i>-propane may increase oil yield.
ISSN:2223-7747