Interspecific Competition of Plant Communities Based on Fractional Order Time Delay Lotka–Volterra Model

A novel time delay Lotka–Volterra (TDLV) model was developed by extending the concept of time delay from integer order to fractional order. The TDLV model was constructed to simulate the dynamics of aboveground biomass per individual of three dominant herbaceous plant species (<i>Leymus chinen...

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Main Authors: Jun Zhang, Yongzhi Liu, Juhong Liu, Caiqin Zhang, Jingyi Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Fractal and Fractional
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3110/9/2/109
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author Jun Zhang
Yongzhi Liu
Juhong Liu
Caiqin Zhang
Jingyi Chen
author_facet Jun Zhang
Yongzhi Liu
Juhong Liu
Caiqin Zhang
Jingyi Chen
author_sort Jun Zhang
collection DOAJ
description A novel time delay Lotka–Volterra (TDLV) model was developed by extending the concept of time delay from integer order to fractional order. The TDLV model was constructed to simulate the dynamics of aboveground biomass per individual of three dominant herbaceous plant species (<i>Leymus chinensis</i>, <i>Agropyron cristatum</i>, and <i>Stipa grandis</i>) in the typical grasslands of Inner Mongolia. Comparative analysis indicated that the TDLV model outperforms candidate models, such as Logistic, GM(1,1), GM(1,N), DGM(2,1), and Lotka–Volterra model, in terms of all fitting criteria. The results demonstrate that interspecies competition exhibits clear feedback and suppression effects, with <i>Leymus chinensis</i> playing a central role in regulating community dynamics. The system is locally stable and eventually converges to an equilibrium point, though <i>Stipa grandis</i> maintains relatively low biomass, requiring further monitoring. Time delays are prevalent in the system, influencing dynamic processes and causing damping oscillations as populations approach equilibrium.
format Article
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institution DOAJ
issn 2504-3110
language English
publishDate 2025-02-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Fractal and Fractional
spelling doaj-art-29deb713d1a345fe9fc765c29a87d5242025-08-20T02:44:42ZengMDPI AGFractal and Fractional2504-31102025-02-019210910.3390/fractalfract9020109Interspecific Competition of Plant Communities Based on Fractional Order Time Delay Lotka–Volterra ModelJun Zhang0Yongzhi Liu1Juhong Liu2Caiqin Zhang3Jingyi Chen4College of Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, ChinaCollege of Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, ChinaCollege of Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, ChinaCollege of Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, ChinaCollege of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430062, ChinaA novel time delay Lotka–Volterra (TDLV) model was developed by extending the concept of time delay from integer order to fractional order. The TDLV model was constructed to simulate the dynamics of aboveground biomass per individual of three dominant herbaceous plant species (<i>Leymus chinensis</i>, <i>Agropyron cristatum</i>, and <i>Stipa grandis</i>) in the typical grasslands of Inner Mongolia. Comparative analysis indicated that the TDLV model outperforms candidate models, such as Logistic, GM(1,1), GM(1,N), DGM(2,1), and Lotka–Volterra model, in terms of all fitting criteria. The results demonstrate that interspecies competition exhibits clear feedback and suppression effects, with <i>Leymus chinensis</i> playing a central role in regulating community dynamics. The system is locally stable and eventually converges to an equilibrium point, though <i>Stipa grandis</i> maintains relatively low biomass, requiring further monitoring. Time delays are prevalent in the system, influencing dynamic processes and causing damping oscillations as populations approach equilibrium.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3110/9/2/109fractional order time delayinterspecific competitionLotka–Volterra modelgrassland management
spellingShingle Jun Zhang
Yongzhi Liu
Juhong Liu
Caiqin Zhang
Jingyi Chen
Interspecific Competition of Plant Communities Based on Fractional Order Time Delay Lotka–Volterra Model
Fractal and Fractional
fractional order time delay
interspecific competition
Lotka–Volterra model
grassland management
title Interspecific Competition of Plant Communities Based on Fractional Order Time Delay Lotka–Volterra Model
title_full Interspecific Competition of Plant Communities Based on Fractional Order Time Delay Lotka–Volterra Model
title_fullStr Interspecific Competition of Plant Communities Based on Fractional Order Time Delay Lotka–Volterra Model
title_full_unstemmed Interspecific Competition of Plant Communities Based on Fractional Order Time Delay Lotka–Volterra Model
title_short Interspecific Competition of Plant Communities Based on Fractional Order Time Delay Lotka–Volterra Model
title_sort interspecific competition of plant communities based on fractional order time delay lotka volterra model
topic fractional order time delay
interspecific competition
Lotka–Volterra model
grassland management
url https://www.mdpi.com/2504-3110/9/2/109
work_keys_str_mv AT junzhang interspecificcompetitionofplantcommunitiesbasedonfractionalordertimedelaylotkavolterramodel
AT yongzhiliu interspecificcompetitionofplantcommunitiesbasedonfractionalordertimedelaylotkavolterramodel
AT juhongliu interspecificcompetitionofplantcommunitiesbasedonfractionalordertimedelaylotkavolterramodel
AT caiqinzhang interspecificcompetitionofplantcommunitiesbasedonfractionalordertimedelaylotkavolterramodel
AT jingyichen interspecificcompetitionofplantcommunitiesbasedonfractionalordertimedelaylotkavolterramodel