Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Mathematics Education: A Systematic Literature Review Using the Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, Redefinition Model

Scholars have claimed that artificial intelligence can be used in education to transform learning. However, there is insufficient evidence on whether intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs), a representative form of artificial intelligence in education, has transformed the teaching and learning of mathe...

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Main Author: Taekwon Son
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Computers
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/13/10/270
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author Taekwon Son
author_facet Taekwon Son
author_sort Taekwon Son
collection DOAJ
description Scholars have claimed that artificial intelligence can be used in education to transform learning. However, there is insufficient evidence on whether intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs), a representative form of artificial intelligence in education, has transformed the teaching and learning of mathematics. To fill this gap, this systematic review was conducted to examine empirical studies from 2003 to 2023 that used ITSs in mathematics education. Technology integration was coded using the substitution, augmentation, modification, redefinition (SAMR) model, which was extended to suit ITSs in a mathematics education context. How different contexts and teacher roles are intertwined with SAMR levels were examined. The results show that while ITSs in mathematics education primarily augmented existing learning, recent ITS studies have transformed students’ learning experiences. ITSs were most commonly applied at the elementary school level, and most ITS studies focused on the areas of number and arithmetic, algebra, and geometry. The level of SAMR varied depending on the research purpose, and ITS studies in mathematics education were mainly conducted in a way that minimized teacher intervention. The results of this study suggest that the affordance of an ITS, the educational context, and the teacher’s role should be considered simultaneously to demonstrate the transformative power of ITSs in mathematics education.
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spelling doaj-art-28b960c141a842adbfece71ec6bcd72a2025-08-20T02:11:12ZengMDPI AGComputers2073-431X2024-10-01131027010.3390/computers13100270Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Mathematics Education: A Systematic Literature Review Using the Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, Redefinition ModelTaekwon Son0The Department of Mathematics Education, Korea National University of Education, Chengju 28173, Republic of KoreaScholars have claimed that artificial intelligence can be used in education to transform learning. However, there is insufficient evidence on whether intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs), a representative form of artificial intelligence in education, has transformed the teaching and learning of mathematics. To fill this gap, this systematic review was conducted to examine empirical studies from 2003 to 2023 that used ITSs in mathematics education. Technology integration was coded using the substitution, augmentation, modification, redefinition (SAMR) model, which was extended to suit ITSs in a mathematics education context. How different contexts and teacher roles are intertwined with SAMR levels were examined. The results show that while ITSs in mathematics education primarily augmented existing learning, recent ITS studies have transformed students’ learning experiences. ITSs were most commonly applied at the elementary school level, and most ITS studies focused on the areas of number and arithmetic, algebra, and geometry. The level of SAMR varied depending on the research purpose, and ITS studies in mathematics education were mainly conducted in a way that minimized teacher intervention. The results of this study suggest that the affordance of an ITS, the educational context, and the teacher’s role should be considered simultaneously to demonstrate the transformative power of ITSs in mathematics education.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/13/10/270technology integrationmathematics educationSAMR modelintelligent tutoring systems
spellingShingle Taekwon Son
Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Mathematics Education: A Systematic Literature Review Using the Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, Redefinition Model
Computers
technology integration
mathematics education
SAMR model
intelligent tutoring systems
title Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Mathematics Education: A Systematic Literature Review Using the Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, Redefinition Model
title_full Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Mathematics Education: A Systematic Literature Review Using the Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, Redefinition Model
title_fullStr Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Mathematics Education: A Systematic Literature Review Using the Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, Redefinition Model
title_full_unstemmed Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Mathematics Education: A Systematic Literature Review Using the Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, Redefinition Model
title_short Intelligent Tutoring Systems in Mathematics Education: A Systematic Literature Review Using the Substitution, Augmentation, Modification, Redefinition Model
title_sort intelligent tutoring systems in mathematics education a systematic literature review using the substitution augmentation modification redefinition model
topic technology integration
mathematics education
SAMR model
intelligent tutoring systems
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-431X/13/10/270
work_keys_str_mv AT taekwonson intelligenttutoringsystemsinmathematicseducationasystematicliteraturereviewusingthesubstitutionaugmentationmodificationredefinitionmodel