Optimization of green-pricing strategies for two-sided marine freight platforms with network externality and multihoming effects

Two-sided marine freight platforms attract massive participation from shippers and carriers through efficient matching of shipping demand and capacity resources. While intensifying market competition has driven these platforms to prioritize greenness level alongside pricing strategies, adopting hybr...

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Main Authors: Weisi Zhang, Lulu Ji, Wen Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Marine Science
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2025.1601322/full
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author Weisi Zhang
Lulu Ji
Wen Chen
author_facet Weisi Zhang
Lulu Ji
Wen Chen
author_sort Weisi Zhang
collection DOAJ
description Two-sided marine freight platforms attract massive participation from shippers and carriers through efficient matching of shipping demand and capacity resources. While intensifying market competition has driven these platforms to prioritize greenness level alongside pricing strategies, adopting hybrid revenue models (e.g., commission rate and membership fees), their operational dynamics under network externality and multihoming effects remain underexplored. This paper establishes three platform scenarios (monopoly, competitive single-homing, and competitive multihoming) and investigates the optimization of green-pricing strategies. The results demonstrate that: A monopoly platform maximizes profit under low commission rates, whereas in competitive multihoming scenarios, one platform dominates by strategically sacrificing its rival’s profit; High freight rate consistently favors monopolistic platforms regardless of transaction frequency, while low freight rate enables Pareto optimality through single-homing on both sides; When shippers exhibit low sensitivity to greenness level and weak network externalities, competitive multihoming emerges as optimal. These findings provide actionable insights for platform differentiation, green-pricing governance, and sustainable competition in evolving digital freight markets. This study provides a decision-making framework for optimizing the operations of marine freight platforms in sustainable market environments.
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spelling doaj-art-286855e5db0941e29d5b91f376f7ee522025-08-20T02:22:43ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452025-06-011210.3389/fmars.2025.16013221601322Optimization of green-pricing strategies for two-sided marine freight platforms with network externality and multihoming effectsWeisi ZhangLulu JiWen ChenTwo-sided marine freight platforms attract massive participation from shippers and carriers through efficient matching of shipping demand and capacity resources. While intensifying market competition has driven these platforms to prioritize greenness level alongside pricing strategies, adopting hybrid revenue models (e.g., commission rate and membership fees), their operational dynamics under network externality and multihoming effects remain underexplored. This paper establishes three platform scenarios (monopoly, competitive single-homing, and competitive multihoming) and investigates the optimization of green-pricing strategies. The results demonstrate that: A monopoly platform maximizes profit under low commission rates, whereas in competitive multihoming scenarios, one platform dominates by strategically sacrificing its rival’s profit; High freight rate consistently favors monopolistic platforms regardless of transaction frequency, while low freight rate enables Pareto optimality through single-homing on both sides; When shippers exhibit low sensitivity to greenness level and weak network externalities, competitive multihoming emerges as optimal. These findings provide actionable insights for platform differentiation, green-pricing governance, and sustainable competition in evolving digital freight markets. This study provides a decision-making framework for optimizing the operations of marine freight platforms in sustainable market environments.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2025.1601322/fulltwo-sided marketmarine freight platformgreenness levelpricing strategyStackelberg game
spellingShingle Weisi Zhang
Lulu Ji
Wen Chen
Optimization of green-pricing strategies for two-sided marine freight platforms with network externality and multihoming effects
Frontiers in Marine Science
two-sided market
marine freight platform
greenness level
pricing strategy
Stackelberg game
title Optimization of green-pricing strategies for two-sided marine freight platforms with network externality and multihoming effects
title_full Optimization of green-pricing strategies for two-sided marine freight platforms with network externality and multihoming effects
title_fullStr Optimization of green-pricing strategies for two-sided marine freight platforms with network externality and multihoming effects
title_full_unstemmed Optimization of green-pricing strategies for two-sided marine freight platforms with network externality and multihoming effects
title_short Optimization of green-pricing strategies for two-sided marine freight platforms with network externality and multihoming effects
title_sort optimization of green pricing strategies for two sided marine freight platforms with network externality and multihoming effects
topic two-sided market
marine freight platform
greenness level
pricing strategy
Stackelberg game
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2025.1601322/full
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AT luluji optimizationofgreenpricingstrategiesfortwosidedmarinefreightplatformswithnetworkexternalityandmultihomingeffects
AT wenchen optimizationofgreenpricingstrategiesfortwosidedmarinefreightplatformswithnetworkexternalityandmultihomingeffects