A Hybrid 3D Localization Algorithm Based on Meta-Heuristic Weighted Fusion

This paper presents a hybrid indoor localization framework combining time difference of arrival (TDoA) measurements with a swarm intelligence optimization technique. To address the nonlinear optimization challenges in three-dimensional (3D) indoor localization via TDoA measurements, we systematicall...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Dongfang Mao, Guoping Jiang, Yun Zhao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Mathematics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/15/2423
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