Effect of butorphanol nasal spray administration on patient cooperativity during labor epidural placement: a single-center randomized controlled trial
Abstract Background Epidural block stands as the prevailing, secure, and efficient approach to labor analgesia. Inadequate maternal cooperation not only hampers anesthesia effectiveness but also may lead to severe consequences, including nerve damage due to positional changes. Methods A randomized c...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Perioperative Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13741-025-00535-7 |
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