REDOX Imbalance and Oxidative Stress in the Intervertebral Disc: The Effect of Mechanical Stress and Cigarette Smoking on ER Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Low back pain is a widespread condition that significantly impacts quality of life, with intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) being a major contributing factor. However, the underlying mechanisms of IDD remain poorly understood, necessitating further investigation. Environmental risk factors, such...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Cells |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/8/613 |
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