Association between fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio and bone metabolism markers (β-CTX and P1NP) in Chinese individuals with osteoporotic fracture: a cross-sectional investigation
Abstract Objective Research on the link between inflammatory indicators and markers of bone metabolism is currently lacking, especially the interaction between Procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), the β-C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (β-CTX), and the fibrinogen-to-albumin rati...
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BMC
2025-01-01
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| Series: | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-025-08276-w |
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| author | Li-long Feng Ke Lu Chong Li Min-zhe Xu Yao-wei Ye Yi Yin Hui-qiang Shan |
| author_facet | Li-long Feng Ke Lu Chong Li Min-zhe Xu Yao-wei Ye Yi Yin Hui-qiang Shan |
| author_sort | Li-long Feng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Objective Research on the link between inflammatory indicators and markers of bone metabolism is currently lacking, especially the interaction between Procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), the β-C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (β-CTX), and the fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR). This study intends to fill that knowledge gap by investigating the possible link between inflammatory indicators and bone metabolism. Methods This observational study included 718 individuals diagnosed with osteoporotic fractures from Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University between January 2017 and July 2022. After accounting for several confounders, the independent connection between FAR levels and β-CTX and P1NP was investigated via Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE). On top of that, we used a generalized additive model (GAM) to find any non-linear correlations, and a two-piecewise linear regression model to find the threshold effects in the smoothing curves that came out of it. To ensure the aforementioned result was stable, a subgroup analysis was carried out. Results The results showed a positive linear correlation between FAR and β-CTX [β = 1.077, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.24 to 1.92, P = 0.012]. The study’s findings demonstrated that FAR and P1NP fit curves in an inverted U-shaped pattern, and an inflection point K = 0.0685 for FAR was detected. P1NP showed a positive correlation with FAR below the inflection point (β = 306.10, 95% CI: 47.37 to 564.83, P = 0.021), and a negative correlation with FAR beyond the inflection point (β = -117.57, 95% CI: -231.34 to -3.80, P = 0.043). The subgroup analysis revealed that women had a more significant association between FAR and β-CTX in women than in men. Conclusions The results provide useful insights into the potential association between FAR and markers of bone metabolism. The study may provide a novel clinical implication by introducing FAR as a potential reference indicator for assessing bone health, offering a cost-effective and conveniently obtainable biomarker to monitor inflammation to improve bone metabolism in the treatment of osteoporosis. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-267e697f7422452ba3de7b70ee0949e5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-2474 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders |
| spelling | doaj-art-267e697f7422452ba3de7b70ee0949e52025-01-19T12:04:33ZengBMCBMC Musculoskeletal Disorders1471-24742025-01-012611910.1186/s12891-025-08276-wAssociation between fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio and bone metabolism markers (β-CTX and P1NP) in Chinese individuals with osteoporotic fracture: a cross-sectional investigationLi-long Feng0Ke Lu1Chong Li2Min-zhe Xu3Yao-wei Ye4Yi Yin5Hui-qiang Shan6Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityDepartment of Orthopedics, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityDepartment of Orthopedics, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityDepartment of Orthopedics, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityDepartment of Orthopedics, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityDepartment of Orthopedics, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityDepartment of Orthopedics, Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityAbstract Objective Research on the link between inflammatory indicators and markers of bone metabolism is currently lacking, especially the interaction between Procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), the β-C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (β-CTX), and the fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR). This study intends to fill that knowledge gap by investigating the possible link between inflammatory indicators and bone metabolism. Methods This observational study included 718 individuals diagnosed with osteoporotic fractures from Kunshan Hospital Affiliated to Jiangsu University between January 2017 and July 2022. After accounting for several confounders, the independent connection between FAR levels and β-CTX and P1NP was investigated via Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE). On top of that, we used a generalized additive model (GAM) to find any non-linear correlations, and a two-piecewise linear regression model to find the threshold effects in the smoothing curves that came out of it. To ensure the aforementioned result was stable, a subgroup analysis was carried out. Results The results showed a positive linear correlation between FAR and β-CTX [β = 1.077, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.24 to 1.92, P = 0.012]. The study’s findings demonstrated that FAR and P1NP fit curves in an inverted U-shaped pattern, and an inflection point K = 0.0685 for FAR was detected. P1NP showed a positive correlation with FAR below the inflection point (β = 306.10, 95% CI: 47.37 to 564.83, P = 0.021), and a negative correlation with FAR beyond the inflection point (β = -117.57, 95% CI: -231.34 to -3.80, P = 0.043). The subgroup analysis revealed that women had a more significant association between FAR and β-CTX in women than in men. Conclusions The results provide useful insights into the potential association between FAR and markers of bone metabolism. The study may provide a novel clinical implication by introducing FAR as a potential reference indicator for assessing bone health, offering a cost-effective and conveniently obtainable biomarker to monitor inflammation to improve bone metabolism in the treatment of osteoporosis.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-025-08276-wProcollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP)Osteoporotic fractureFibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR)Inflammatory markersBone metabolism markersβ-C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (β-CTX) |
| spellingShingle | Li-long Feng Ke Lu Chong Li Min-zhe Xu Yao-wei Ye Yi Yin Hui-qiang Shan Association between fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio and bone metabolism markers (β-CTX and P1NP) in Chinese individuals with osteoporotic fracture: a cross-sectional investigation BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders Procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) Osteoporotic fracture Fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR) Inflammatory markers Bone metabolism markers β-C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (β-CTX) |
| title | Association between fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio and bone metabolism markers (β-CTX and P1NP) in Chinese individuals with osteoporotic fracture: a cross-sectional investigation |
| title_full | Association between fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio and bone metabolism markers (β-CTX and P1NP) in Chinese individuals with osteoporotic fracture: a cross-sectional investigation |
| title_fullStr | Association between fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio and bone metabolism markers (β-CTX and P1NP) in Chinese individuals with osteoporotic fracture: a cross-sectional investigation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association between fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio and bone metabolism markers (β-CTX and P1NP) in Chinese individuals with osteoporotic fracture: a cross-sectional investigation |
| title_short | Association between fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio and bone metabolism markers (β-CTX and P1NP) in Chinese individuals with osteoporotic fracture: a cross-sectional investigation |
| title_sort | association between fibrinogen to albumin ratio and bone metabolism markers β ctx and p1np in chinese individuals with osteoporotic fracture a cross sectional investigation |
| topic | Procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) Osteoporotic fracture Fibrinogen-to-albumin ratio (FAR) Inflammatory markers Bone metabolism markers β-C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (β-CTX) |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-025-08276-w |
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